Green Tea Polyphenols in Attenuated Risk and Treatment of Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the tissues of the bladder. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may travel a distance away to invade other healthy tissues and organs.

According to statistic provided by cancer.net, 90% of people with bladder cancer are older than 55, and the average age of people diagnosed with bladder cancer is 73


In the review of medical literature published online, green tea major catechin EGCG in reduced risk and treatment may be attributed to numbers of mechanisms.

In T24 human bladder cancer cell line, application of the chemopreventive/antiproliferative potential of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, the major phytochemical in green tea) induced anti malignant cell proliferation by modulating the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase/Akt in the activating Bcl-2 family proteins with function in regulation of cell death, thus enhancing apoptosis of T24 bladder cancer cell line in dose- and time-dependent manner.


The phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT pathway is a crucial regulator of cellular processes including cell proliferation and apoptosis.


Bcl-2 family proteins is a modulator responsible for the regulation of cell apoptosis.

In C3H/HeN mice subcutaneously implanted with MBT-2 murine bladder tumor cells, administration of EGCGs physically attached to the surface of nanogold particles pNG(EGCG-adsorbed pNG) exerted a significant anti-cancer proliferation through induction of apoptosis.

This action of anti-cancer effect was attributed to a mechanism of EGCG-pNG in the activation of caspases which plays an important role in induced cell apoptosis and inflammation through Bcl-family proteins with a function in control apoptosis by activating caspase proteases in the governing the space between outer and inner mitochondrial membrane.

Under stress, the mitochondrial pathway or the intrinsic pathway is activated depending on the release of proteins from the intermembrane space of mitochondria.

Caspase cascade, family protease enzymes with function in programmed cell death and inflammation.

Additionally, injecting EGCG-pNG directly into the tumor site inhibited tumor expansion through ameliorated the function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the stimulated formation of a new blood vessel in provided nutrients and oxygen for the survival of cancer site in compared to
oral administration of EGCG in stimulated immune function in suppression of cancer progression.



The vascular endothelial growth factor is a signal protein produced by cells in the stimulated formation of the blood vessel for cell division and site proliferation.


Based on information collected,, the prepared EGCG-pNG was more effective than free EGCG in inhibiting bladder tumor in model mice.

More interestingly, bladder tumor induced by N-butyl-(-4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) 0.05% solution on 8 week-old female C3H/He mice for 14 or 24 weeks on treatment with or without green tea polyphenols (GTP) expressed a significant lower rate of tumor invasive frequency of 23.8%; in group treated with both GTP and BBN in compared to 65.2% in group treated with BBN alone.



The tumor volume and microvascular density (MVD) as an independent predictor within a tumor and the connective, functionally supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ region in the BBN+GTP group were also significantly lower than in BBN treated mice.


Unbelievably, green tea polyphenols inhibited tumor growth and invasion in mice with established bladder cancer through regulation of angiogenetic effect in suppressed the forming of the new blood vessel for the tumor cells proliferation, metastatic spread, as well as providing oxygen and nutrients and removal of waste products of cancer cells without exhibiting the anti-carcinogenic effect.

Taken together, green tea extract polyphenols may be considered an adjunct therapy for reduced risk and used a combination with standard medicine for the treatment of bladder cancer.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) A component of green tea, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, promotes apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells via modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and Bcl-2 family proteins by Qin J1, Xie LP, Zheng XY, Wang YB, Bai Y, Shen HF, Li LC, Dahiya R.(PubMed)
(2) The treatment of bladder cancer in a mouse model by epigallocatechin-3-gallate-gold nanoparticles by Hsieh DS1, Wang H, Tan SW, Huang YH, Tsai CY, Yeh MK, Wu CJ.(PubMed)
(3) Green tea polyphenol suppresses tumor invasion and angiogenesis in N-butyl-(-4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine-induced bladder cancer by Sagara Y1, Miyata Y, Nomata K, Hayashi T, Kanetake H.(PubMed)