Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases associated with the blood vessels. Depending on the types of blood vessel damage or blocked, CVD can be a coronary artery disease caused by the hardening of the arteries that interfere with the blood flow to the heart.
Heart failure, a major health problem associated with the reduced function of the heart that affects more than 6.5 million Americans is also a leading cause of hospitalization in people older than age 65.
According to the statistics provided by the CDC, every year, heart disease causes the death of 610,000 people in the United States. In other words, every year, 1 in every 4 deaths in the US are caused by heart disease.
Believe it or not, every year about 735,000 Americans have a heart attack including the first attack of 525,000 patients.
Epidemiologically, risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease include family history, age ethnicity, gender, medical conditions such as cholesterol high blood pressure and diabetes.
Out of many risk factors, some researchers suggested the widespread obesity caused by the promotion of a high-fat diet over the past few decades may be one major condition that causes the onset of CVD.
Dr. Frank M. Sacks wrote, " Prospective observational studies in many populations showed that lower intake of saturated fat coupled with higher intake of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat is associated with lower rates of CVD and of other major causes of death and all-cause mortality. In contrast, replacement of saturated fat with mostly refined carbohydrates and sugars is not associated with lower rates of CVD and did not reduce CVD in clinical trials".
And, "Replacement of saturated with unsaturated fats lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a cause of atherosclerosis, linking biological evidence with the incidence of CVD in populations and in clinical trials".
Tomato is red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belongs to family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, the tomato is grown worldwide for the commercial purpose
and often in the greenhouse.
With an aim to find a natural treatment of cardiovascular disease, researchers evaluated the state of the evidence from intervention trials on the effect of consuming tomato products and lycopene on markers of cardiovascular (CV) function.
By searching the medical literature database of Medline, Web of science, and Scopus from inception to August 2016, 21 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria out of 1189 publications were identified.
According to the results from the meta-analyses, overall, interventions supplementing tomato were associated with significant reductions in LDL-cholesterol, inflammatory cytokine IL-6.
Furthermore, tomato injection improved the arteries function in blood circulation (flow-mediated dilation (FMD).
Compared to tomatoes, lycopene supplementation only reduced systolic-BP.
In other words, with the exception of blood pressure management by lycopene supplementation, dietary tomato provided more favorable results on cardiovascular risk, compared to lycopene supplementation.
The results strongly support the use of dietary tomatoes for the prevention of CVD.
Dr. Cheng HM. after taking other factors into accounts said, "The available evidence on the effects of tomato products and lycopene supplementation on CV risk factors supports the view that increasing the intake of these has positive effects on blood lipids, blood pressure, and endothelial function".
Taken altogether, tomatoes may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of CVD, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of lycopene in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Tomato and lycopene supplementation and cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Cheng HM1, Koutsidis G1, Lodge JK1, Ashor A2, Siervo M2, Lara J. (PubMed)
(2) Whole food versus supplement: comparing the clinical evidence of tomato intake and lycopene supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors by Burton-Freeman B, Sesso HD. (PubMed)
(3) Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart AssociationFrank M. Sacks, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Jason H.Y. Wu, Lawrence J. Appel, Mark A. Creager, Penny M. Kris-Etherton, Michael Miller, Eric B. Rimm, Lawrence L. Rudel, Jennifer G. Robinson. (Circulation)
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