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Dehydroascorbic Acid(*)
Vitamin E
Published 2014, August 15 By Kyle J. Norton and associates. All right reserved.
The dream of finding such ingredients in maintaining and getting rid of aging fine lines has been ongoing since human civilization. Unfortunately, many ingredients with no commercial values have been discarded due to their effects in dampening the profits of all cosmetic companies.
In our previous studies, we have shown that Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA)(*) 4% concentration improved facial skin, including reduced roughness, black and white heads, lightened aging spots, pigmentation and enhanced elasticity and prevented acne, etc. The combination of Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA)(*) 4% concentration and vitamin E and E effectively reduced visibility of arterial veins on the back the hand, rejuvenated fingers (including knuckles), wrist and forearms from the wrist to elbow. The aim of this study is to test for the effectiveness of Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA)(*) 4% concentration used combination with vitamin E, 3 times daily on 40 healthy subjects.
Fine line is a result of effect of gravity in aging, and causes of slower process in cell rejuvenation and longer in elastic fibers replacement. Some researchers insisted that adding to the aging skin, free radicals and inflammatory molecules may degrade facial skin even more quickly.
According to the searching on PubMed data base, there are limit information of health effects of Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA)(*) but its un oxidized form.
1. Dehydroascorbic Acid (DHA) (vitamin C supplement oxidized form)
Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin found in fresh fruits, berries and green vegetables. It is best known for its free radical scavenging activity and regenerating oxidized vitamin E for immune system support. In skin aging, the vitamin may improve solar radiation protection and epidermal aging (1) through production of collagen due to its antioxidant activity (2)(3).
Epidemiological studies linking vitamin C in prevention of skin damage and aging have produced some certain results (3a)(3b)(3c). Vitamin C oxidized form or dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) processed antiviral and virucidal effects (23), prevented H2O2-induced cell death by increasing the GSH levels mediated by the GPx and GR activities and PPP (17), and regulated neuronal energy metabolism, through facilitating the utilization of glucose via the PPP for antioxidant purposes (18) by increasing antioxidant potential in the central nervous system (19). Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) may be a potential anti-cancer agent to treat aggressive cancers (20)(21). Dr. Toohey at the Cytoregulation Research said "rapidly-dividing tumour cells make unusually large amounts of homocysteine thiolactone and that administered dehydroascorbic acid enters the cells and converts the thiolactone to mercaptopropionaldehyde which kills the cancer cells" (22).
According to the Minghsin University of Science and Technology, in doses of a dependent manner, the concentration of L-ascorbic acid induced absorption of the collagen solution in exhibition of smoothing wrinkles and clear up spots(8). Ascorbic acid (AA) is essential in stimulating collagen gene expression. In type 1 and type 4 collagen and SVCT2, the vitamin was found to enhance the expression of type 1 and type 4 collagens and SVCT2 mRNA in cultured human skin fibroblasts at 100 μM AA placed every 24h for 5 days to prevent depletion(9). The Chiang Mai University study also supported the effects of ascorbic acid in the anti-aging process through exhibition pro and active MMP-2 inhibitory(10). Combined vitamins, including vitamin C in a single formulation had a slightly lower degradation rate and more stable formulations as compared to different preparations containing only one of the vitamins(11)(12). Application of vitamin C showed a significant reduction of oxidative stress in the skin, an improvement of the epidermal-dermal microstructure and a reduction of fine lines and wrinkles in aged skin within a relatively short period of time of product application(13). The Bruce and Associates study also insisted the effectiveness of vitamin C application over a 12 week period as the vitamin enhanced the overall intensity of pigmentation, fine lines and wrinkles, tactile roughness, and laxity with a 100% satisfaction of overall appearance of the tested subjects’ skin(14).
In fact, many studies have showed that vitamin C, the un oxidized form improved skin roughness and scaliness(26)(27), wrinkles(28)(29), skin elasticity and firming(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), lightened Liver and aging spots(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41), Pigmentation(42)(43)(44), reduced Acne and Acne scars(45)(46).
2. Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin consisting of eight different variants (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol and alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrieno with varying levels of biological activity, found abundantly in corn oil, soybean oil, margarine, wheat germ oil, sunflower, safflower oils, etc.) which plays an important role in neurological functions and inhibition of platelet aggregation, regulation of enzymatic activity, free radical scavenger, etc.
Epidemiological studies linking vitamin E in reduced progression of aging have been inconclusive (47)(48)(49)(50), but some studies showed that vitamin delays cellular senescence of human diploid fibroblasts through the inhibition of intrinsic mitochondria-mediated pathway which involved the regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes and proteins (51) and prevents cellular aging in human diploid fibroblasts (52), protects against oxidative stress-induced cellular ageing by modulating the telomere length possibly via telomerase(54), protects against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress (55). and induced DNA damage and telomere shortening of normal human skin fibroblast cells derived from young and old individual donors(56), UVA(57). In a study of Indian women with signs of facial aging, the composition of niacinamide, panthenol, and tocopheryl acetate significantly reduced the appearance of hyperpigmentation, improved skin tone evenness, and lightened the appearance of the skin in comparison to the control through 6 weeks(60).
Method
A total of 40 patients were recruited, with ages ranging from 57 - 60 (32 Caucasians, 3 Africans, and 5 Asians; 32 females and 8 males) to test for the effectiveness of DHA 4% concentration and vitamin E for 3 times daily in 12 weeks against the formation of forehead and nosy fine lines. Patients were instructed to apply DHA 4% concentration first than followed by vitamin E (0.5ml) with duration of 5 minutes in each interval on the affected area.
Total Patients Study
Total Patients Study
Race
|
Gender
|
Ages 57-62
|
Caucasians
|
26 females, 6 males
|
32
|
Asians
|
4 females, 1 males
|
5
|
Africans
|
3 females, 0 males
|
3
|
Caucasians
|
Africans
|
Asians
|
Total
| |
Ethnicity and Gender
|
32
|
3
|
5
|
40 (33F, 7M)
|
Initial examination
Based on a scale from 0-4 (0 - Not applicable, 1 - Minimum, 2 - Mild. 3 - Moderate, 4 - Severe)
All age groups
|
Not Applicable
|
Minimum
|
Mild
|
Severe
|
Forehead fine lines
|
0
|
0
|
7
|
33
|
Nosy fine lines
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
35
|
stretch marks between the eyes
|
0
|
0
|
18
|
22
|
Treatment solution
1. Equipment contained Vitamin E an DHA provided and mixed by patients as instructed. DHA solution was refrigerated and remake every 3 days to protect its effectiveness.
2. DHA 4% was applied 5 minutes then Vitamin E (0.5 ml) 3 times a day, in the morning, afternoon and evening.
3.Application of DHA using a sponge should be taken with glove to void brownness, due to its acidic concentration.
4. Application of vitamin E (0.5 ml)are used by fingers and palm with slightly pressure rubbing against the forearms skin to ensure absorption.
5. Affected areas should be cleansed before applied the first ingredient.
6. After finished application, DHA was returned to refrigerator and Vitamin E to the cabinet.
Outcome measure
The result would be measured 3 times:
1. The end of week 4
2. The end of week 8
3. The end of week 12
Patients were measured for the intensity of the applicable area and to check for efficacy of the solution by comparing to the base line.
All patients have completed the study.
All patients have completed the study.
Results:
DHA 4% cot 6% concentration then vitamin E(0.5 ml) with duration of 5 minutes between 2 applications in the morning, afternoon and evening, 3 times daily.
Forehead fine lines 50
Observation report
1. At the end of week 4
Measurement of improvement of the group A using a scale rating from 0 - 100% improvement.
Forehead fine lines 50
Nosy fine lines 30
Stretch marks 20
2. At the end of week 8
Measurement of improvement of the group A using a scale rating from 0 - 100% improvement.
Forehead fine lines 65
Nosy fine lines 40
Stretch marks 25
3 At the end of week 12
Measurement of improvement of the group A using a scale rating from 0 - 100% improvement.
Forehead fine lines 80
Nosy fine lines 50
Stretch marks 30
Efficacy and Patient satisfaction:
With a scale ranging from 0 - 4 (0: no effect, 1: minimum, 2: moderate, 3: good, 4 excellent effect)
Forehead fine lines 3.8
Nosy fine lines 3.2
Stretch marks 2.5
As the data indicates, most patients satisfied with the performance of Solution in reduced visibility of forehead and nosy fine lines but not other fine lines. Reduced visibility of forehead fime line had a high score in patients satisfaction.
Tolerability
Through over 12 weeks of application with the designed solution, no adverse effect has been reported.
Discussion
For first time, we discovered that the used ingredients are less effective on nosy fine lines (20% in comparison with healthy oral hygiene) on patients with completed denture.
DHA 4% concentration in the previous study, showed the most efficacy in enhanced smoothness, firmness, and elasticity of the skin through stimulation the production of collagen. It also whitened skin and reduced scaliness, photo-pigmentation and aging pigmentation, aging spots, acne, acne scars. It was especially effective in the treatment of black and white heads when compared with other solutions probably through its antioxidant activities and skin absorption. When combined with vitamin E (.5 ml), the application of the combined solution showed effectively in reduced visibility of both forehead and nosy fine lines of aging subject from ages of 57 to 62 as follow after 12 weeks, probably through DHA detoxified, antioxidant and stimulated reproduction of collagen activities via vary unknown mechanisms.
The below are the pictures of 58 years old of the tested subjects
1. Before application
2. After 4 weeks
3. After 8 weeks
4. After 12 weeks
For first time, we discovered that the used ingredients are less effective on nosy fine lines (20% in comparison with healthy oral hygiene) on patients with completed denture.
The below are the pictures of 58 years old of the tested subjects
1. Before application
2. After 4 weeks
3. After 8 weeks
4. After 12 weeks
Vitamin E used in this studies is Provitamin E sold by Jamieson. Kyle J. Norton and associated DO NOT received funding from Jamieson. The decision to use such the produced was due to complaints of irritation and stickiness of vitamin E liquids in many testing subjects in previous studies. This decision may also be the cause of withdrawal funding from our 2 long termed sponsors.
Please make sure that you discuss the use of any topical solution in the study with your doctor or related field specialist before applying.
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