The use of plants for healing purposes have been predated long before the existence of modern medicine.
Herbal plants have formed a fundamental source for conventional medicine in the discovery of single-ingredient medication, including aspirin (from willow bark), quinine (from cinchona bark), and morphine (from the opium poppy)......
Intestinal atrophy is the abnormality of a small intestine mucous membrane, in most cases caused by bacterial infection.
However, certain diseases such as Celiac disease may precipitate the occurrence of intestinal atrophy.
If a patient incidentally consumes foods containing the protein gluten, the allergic foods may trigger immune overexpression in attacking the intestinal villi.
Intestinal atrophy can also be caused by intake of certain medication, including immune suppressors, antibiotics such as neomycin, and the anti-inflammatory medication.
Patients in the early stage of the condition may only experience some abdominal discomforts.
As the infection progress, infectious persons may develop diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, and fatigue.
Some researchers suggested, intestinal atrophy is a serious condition, as the ‘villi’ or ‘microvilli’, damage to some extents, the condition may increase the risk of intestinal permeability and most autoimmune diseases.
According to the Josai University, glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant found in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea may have a profound effect in reduced expression through enhances jejunal regenerative potential to minimize intestinal mucosal atrophy by diminishing fasting-mediated ROS generation and intestinal lining cells apoptosis and enhancing cell proliferation(4)..
These result suggested that oral glutathione (GSH) administration processes a strong activity in alleviated the effects of fasting-induced intestinal atrophy in the small intestinal mucosa.
Intake of kidney beans may result in increased risk of the developed intestinal atrophy, some scientists suggested.
Kidney beans with kidney shape, strong flavor, and color of reddish brown in nature are often the excellent dietary selection with no cholesterol, but a good source of protein and minerals.
According to the University of Utrecht, an animal fed with kidney bean induced mucosal atrophy microscopically causing atrophy and dissection of the intestinal villus in association to lengthen crypts with cells in increased mitotic activity in compared to than normal tissues.
In compared to control, kidney bean intake significantly decreased the goblet cells in secrete gel-forming mucins, the major components of mucus but increased in the crypt region, a gland found in the intestinal epithelium lining of the small intestine and large intestine.
Dr. Kik MJ, the lead author of the study said, " feeding Phaseolus vulgaris beans reduced the digestive and absorptive capacity of the mucosa, resulting in weight loss and diarrhea in affected pigs".
In a randomized study with mice fed to chow, elemental diet, elemental diet plus concanavalin-A and elemental diet plus phytohaemagglutinin groups, group fed phytohaemagglutinin showed a strong effect of chemical compound lectin in inducing cell proliferation in the small intestine and crypt fission of the middle and distal small intestine in compared to other groups.
The study also showed that phytohaemagglutinin with a high amount of lectin also induced intestinal atrophy by affecting the gastric function and mobility through increased secretion of the hormone in regulated gastric acid (HCl).
In fact, the effects of lectins cause of significant gastric trophy on the small intestine and colon may vary between different sites in the gastrointestinal tract.
In support to the above analysis, the Christian-Albrechts-Universität study with 30 day old male rats pair fed for 10 days with lactalbumin as a control diet or lactalbumin plus PHA or purified soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) as a positive control (42 mg/rat/day) with or without 20 micrograms of the cholecystokinin A (CCK-A) antagonist MK 329, researchers found that oral administration of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in rats dose-dependently induces growth of the small intestine through significantly increased CCK plasma levels from 0.75 to 6.67 (SEM 2.23) compared with 2.3 (0.35) pM in the control group.
The result of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) intake in the exhibit the intestine atrophy may be attributed to the lectin levels in increased production of hormone cholecystokinin in the stimulated additional release of bile into the intestine.
Taking together, intake of kidney bean should be taken with care with patients with digestive problems as the level of lectin may induce intestinal atrophy.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Pathologic changes of the small intestinal mucosa of pigs after feeding Phaseolusvulgaris beans by Kik MJ1, Huisman J, van der Poel AF, Mouwen JM(PubMed)
(2) Lectins can reverse the dsstal intestinal atrophy associated with elemental diets in mice M by SASAKI*, A. J. FITZGERALD*, G. GRANT , M. A. GHATEIà, N. A. WRIGHT* & R. A. GOODLAD§(Wiley online Library)
(3) Red kidney bean lectin is a potent cholecystokinin releasing stimulus in the rat inducing pancreatic growth byK-H Herziga, S Bardoczc, G Grantc, R Nustedeb, U R Fölscha, A Pusztaic(BMJ Journals)
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