Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belongings to the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and Asia, used in herbal medicine for centuries in the treatment of strains, sprains, and bruises.
Wound healing is a process of repairing after the damage of skin, tissues, organs, etc.
Edema is a condition, characterized by excessive accumulation of fluids in some tissues within the body.
Certain diseases including heart, liver, and kidneys may also increase the prevalence of edema as a result of salt retention in the induction of excess fluid accumulation.
Some researchers suggested that the alternation of starling forces which control the transfer of fluid from the vascular compartment to surrounding tissue spaces may be a culprit in facilitated edematous disorders.
However, in compared to diminished organs function in causes of edema, edematous states may share many of the same afferences and efferent mechanisms for sodium and water retention.
Long-term untreated edema may increase complications of painful swelling, difficulty walking. with skin becoming itchy and uncomfortable. In a serious case, it can cause infection in the swollen area and scarring between layers of tissue.
Some patients may also experience decreased blood circulation, the elasticity of arteries, veins, joints, and muscles in the surrounding infectious areas.
The ingredients
Helenalin, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivatives.
In the study to compare the efficacy of herbal Arnica and corticosteroids in reduced postoperative edema and bruising associated with rhinoplasty of 48 primary rhinoplasty patients randomly assigned to three groups as follow
* Group P received 10 mg of dexamethasone (intravenously) intraoperatively followed by a 6-day oral tapering dose of methylprednisone.
* Group A received Arnica three times a day for 4 days, and
* Group C received neither agent and served as the control.
3 blinded panelists were assigned to rate the extent of ecchymosis, including the intensity of the ecchymosis, and the severity of the edema
After observation of the study over the entire period, scientists found that
* There were no significant differences in all groups on the day 2 of postoperative
* In compared to increased swelling of the control group, both group A and P demonstrated a significant improvement in edema rating.
Interestingly, conventional medicine administration group exerted higher intensity of ecchymosis compared to groups A and C on the day of postoperative and all groups displayed no difference of magnitude of edema.
However, between the period of day 2 and 8, groups A and C exhibited significantly more resolution of ecchymosis in compared to group P.
The results suggested that although Arnica may have a therapeutic property in reducing edema during the early postoperative period. And the herbal medicine did not provide similar benefits in regard to the extent and intensity of ecchymosis in compared to corticosteroids.
In order to further confirmation of the effect of herbal Arnica in reduced postoperative ecchymosis and edema, researchers at the joint study lead University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, conducted an investigation in a select population of healthy volunteers after oculofacial surgery by examining the postoperative course and medical records of a total of 27 patients (16 females, 11 males) with age range from18 to 70 years using topical Arnica and Ledum after undergoing common oculofacial procedures, including blepharoplasty, browpexy, and rhinoplasty, in the hands of 4 surgeons at tertiary referral centers from July 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012.
According to the result of the experiment, application of Arnica 50 M (10) 50% and Ledum 50 M (10) pads bilaterally after surgery through postoperative day 6, showed a significantly accelerated healing from day 7 to day 12 in dose depending manner, without inflicting any adverse effects.
The findings suggested that application of composited Arnica and Ledum displays a potential efficacy in reducing postoperative ecchymosis and edema after oculofacial surgery.
The above differentiation of herbal Arnica in improved edema after surgery was supported by the joint study led by the Research Center of University of adult male Wistar rats inoculated with 1% carrageenan into the footpad to induce edema then treated with Arnica montana 6cH, dexamethasone (4.0 mg/kg; positive control) or 5% hydroalcoholic solution (negative control), per os, each 15 minutes, between 30 and 180 minutes after the irritant inoculation.
According to the investigation, application of Arnica group exhibited anti-edema through increased lymphatic edema absorption, particularly, in late edema and less intense edema treatment group after adjusting to the individually qualitative of inflammatory vascular events.
Moreover, the edema inhibition of Arnica was attributed to significantly reduced mast cell degranulation and increased lymphatic vessels diameter and decreased the production of prostaglandins associated to the development of edema, caused by subcutaneous carrageenan injection in the induction of local inflammation.
Taken together, herbal Arnica may be considered as a functional food in reduced risk, progression and for treatment of edema and ecchymosis.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) A randomized, controlled comparison between arnica and steroids in the management of postrhinoplasty ecchymosis and edema by Totonchi A1, Guyuron B.(PubMed)
(2) Assessing the Effectiveness of Arnica montana and Rhododendron tomentosum (Ledum palustre) in the Reduction of Ecchymosis and Edema After Oculofacial Surgery: Preliminary Results by Kang JY1, Tran KD, Seiff SR, Mack WP, Lee WW. (PubMed)
(3) Inflammatory Process Modulation by Homeopathic Arnica montana 6CH: The Role of Individual Variation Ana Paula Kawakami,1 Cesar Sato,1 Thayna Neves Cardoso,1 and Leoni Villano Bonamin(Hindawi)
(4) Pathogenesis of sodium and water retention in edematous disorders by Paller MS, Schrier RW(PubMed)
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