Herbal Anise May Process A Cure of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), MEDLINE Studies Show

Intake of herbal Anise together with the change of diet pattern may have a potential and substantial effect in the cure of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a medical condition characterized by fat accumulated in the liver tissue other than excessive consumption of alcohol.

According to the American liver foundation, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is one of the most common causes of liver disease and approximately 30% (100 million) individuals in the United States are estimated to have the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The causes of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease are unknown. Also, as of today researchers do not understand why some people are susceptible to liver fat accumulation while others are not.

However, some researchers suggested that combined health problems such as overweight and obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia may all contribute to the onset of the diseases.

Prolonged and untreated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease may induce complication of cirrhosis, a disease characterized by late-stage of fibrosis in the liver and untreated cirrhosis can lead to life-threatening diseases, such as a coma, liver failure, or death.


The Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science in the examine the results of selected studies including in 33 full texts and 7 articles suggested that

*Intakes of red meat, fats, and sweets are associated with the elevated risk of NAFLD and consumption of whole grains, fruits and vegetables are associated with reduced risk of NAFLD.

* There is a highly positive association between the Western dietary pattern and the risk of NAFLD.

The university experiment also found that adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with the attenuated severity of hepatic steatosis through improving insulin sensitivity in an insulin-resistant population with NAFLD,

Anise is a flowering plant of the species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as a fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic,...

Chemical constituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

In the comparison the effect of anise fruit essential oil and extract and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the Islamic Azad University conducted an experiment of 60 rats randomly divided into ten groups, six in each group with NAFLD induced by using choline-deficient diet for 90 days and followed by 30 days of treatment with 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day of hydroethanolic extract (AE) as well as 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg/day of essential oil (AO)

During the course and the end of the experiment, researchers showed that both applications exert significantly reverse activities in
* Increased plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerol and

* Decreased high-density lipoprotein level caused by choline-deficient diet in a dose-dependent manner.

Additional differentiation also found that AE and AO reduced the elevated levels of enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) which are considered as indications of either liver injury or damage caused by the acute inflammation in the experiential subject model.

However, patients with the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may have normal transaminase levels.

Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is usually used as a maker to detect liver damage.

Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are the best predictor of NAFLD after considering to other clinical and biochemical features.


Observation of injection of anise AE and AO also exerted a powerful antioxidant activity in significantly lower overexpression of ROS in the exhibited free radical chain reaction in the induction of oxidative stress to precipitate liver toxicity.

According to the St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, overexpression of free radicals in the liver can damage cellular macromolecules in the induction of hepatocellular injury.

Also, in histological findings, both AE and AO displayed a substantial effect in reduced macrovesicular steatohepatitis which is the leading cause of liver cancer.

Further analysis of the experiment, researchers found that both anise AE and AO demonstrated a strong effect in ameliorated lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress indicated by elevation of plasma level of 8-isoprostane which is correlated to the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Elevated 8-Isoprostane values activated by lipid peroxidation induced by injection of choline-deficient diet were also considered biomarker in patients with nonalcoholic liver disease and correlated to with body mass index and total cholesterol in NAFLD but did not significantly relate to sex, age, biochemical data or iron metabolism markers in all liver diseases.

Therefore, people with high body mass index and high levels of total cholesterol levels are susceptible to increased risk of the diseases.

Taken together, intake of herbal Anise with abundant of bioactive chemical constituents and change of diet pattern with rich of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables may have a higher potential in the cure of nonalcoholic liver disease,

However, further data collection on larger sample and multi-center clinical studies performed with human consumption during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its anti nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) possibilities.

Intake of Anise extract should only be prescribed by related field specialist in the prevention of acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Pimpinella anisum L. fruit: Chemical composition and effect on rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by Asadollahpoor A1, Abdollahi M2, Rahimi R3,(PubMed)
(2) Relationship between Diet and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review Article by Mirmiran P1, Amirhamidi Z1, Ejtahed HS1, Bahadoran Z1, Azizi F2(PubMed)