Lentils' (plant sources') lectin may be considered as biomarkers for detection of the early stage of varies types of cancer and treatment of renal cancer, some scientists suggested.
Lentil, a type of pulse and tiny legume that can be cooked quickly and rich in protein and fiber is a bushy annual plant of genus Lens to the Fabaceae family, native to the Middle East.
Kidney Cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cells growth in the tissue of kidneys.
At the later stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance way to infect other organs' tissues.
For example, if kidney cancer spread to the lung is called kidney cancer with lung metastases.
At the very early stage of the kidney, cancerous tumors that are localized in the surface of the kidneys.
The most common type of kidney cancer is renal cell cancer.
The kidney is of 3 main detoxified organs with the main function of filtering water and waste from your blood.
The causes of kidney cancer are unknown, but some researcher suggested that genetic mutation, cigarette smoking, obese, family history,..... and exposed to chemicals, such as asbestos and benzene are all associated to increased risk of kidney cancer.
The cancer is only infected approximately 2% of the general population and screening test is only designated for kidney cancer in people who are at higher risk of the disease.
In the UK, The survival rate of early diagnosis of the early stage of kidney cancer is very high with five-year survival rates for renal cancer of 70-94% for localized tumors
According to statistics reported by Dr. Lewis G, the lead author, " Kidney cancers account for 2-3% of all adult malignancies in the UK. Men are predominantly affected by renal cancer with an average age at diagnosis of 64 years. Renal (or clear) cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 90% of kidney cancers"(4) and "RCC should be suspected in the presence of localized symptoms such as flank pain, a loin mass or haematuria; constitutional upset including weight loss, pyrexia and/or night sweats; or with unexplained laboratory tests"(4).
Imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are the best to spot cancer in patients who are at high risk and susceptible to kidney cancer.
According to the investigation of plant lectin effect in risk of cancers, by resisting digestion, lectins after intake maintained full biological activity in binding to the cancer cell remembrances or. and receptors to induce cytotoxicity, thus reducing cancer cell proliferation and inhibiting tumor growth.
lectins can also incorporate into cancer cell as an antigen to cause agglutination and/or aggregation in the induction of cytolysis and inhibit expression of polyamines, small organic cations that are essential for cancer cells to grow.
Furthermore, plant lectins altered the production of various interleukins that are essential importance for the function of both innate and adaptive immunity by activated certain protein kinases in regulating signal transduction pathways in control cancer cells process in the induction of tumor progression.
Additionally, lectins can also bind to cancer cell mutated ribosomes, a cell structure that makes protein and inhibits protein synthesis, thus disrupting the critical cellular processes necessary for sustained cancer cell growth and modified the cancer cell phase 1 division and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest.
Interestingly, injection of lectins also inhibited telomerase expression in cancer cell activity in maintaining tumor progression and angiogenesis in the stimulated production of the new blood vessel to provide nutrients and oxygen to cancer cells proliferation and tumor expansion.
In clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), Galectin-9 (Gal-9), an animal lectin injection exerted a significant effect in inhibited cancer cell proliferation through binding to β-galactoside which is important to provide energy to tumor survival.
Further investigation of the expression of Gal-9 in a total of in 196 patients with ccRCC who underwent nephrectomy, with 48/196 patients died and 61/196 patients suffered recurrence to assess the prognostic value of Gal-9, suggested that Gal-9 expression not only associates positively with tumor size but also induces a direct impact in the relative survival ratio, used to predict overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients.
Indeed, high levels of Gal-9 was found to associate poor survival and early recurrence and the expression of lectin also can be considered as a biomarker in diagnosed clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in early stage and lower of grade of tumor, node, and metastasis in patients who are at higher risk of the kidney cancer developing.
The finding evidence suggested that lectins from all sources may be considered as therapeutic substances and biomarkers for treatment and monitoring the progression of kidney cancer.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Lectin reactivity of alpha-fetoprotein in a case of renal cell carcinoma by Taketa K1, Ichikawa E, Sakuda H, Iwamasa T, Hayakawa M, Taga H, Hirai H.(PubMed)
(2) Lectins as bioactive plant proteins: a potential in cancer treatment by De Mejía EG1, Prisecaru VI. (PubMed)
(3) Galectin-9 predicts postoperative recurrence and survival of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma by Fu H1, Liu Y, Xu L, Liu W, Fu Q, Liu H, Zhang W, Xu J.(PubMed)
(4) Early diagnosis improves survival in kidney cancer by Lewis G1, Maxwell AP(PubMed)ll
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