Including a portion of fennel in your daily diet may improve the body anti-allergic activities, some scientists suggested.
The results of the differentiation were carried out by numbers of universities and published on online medical literature.
Allergic effect associated with nonharmful allergens caused by an overreaction of the immune system may induce symptoms of skin rash, sneezing,....
In some cases, an allergic reaction can be life-threatening (anaphylaxis), depending on the severity of immune responses.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...
Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc
19. Etc.
In the study to confirm the potential efficacy of fennel for antiallergic use, inhibitory actions of the fruiton 5-lipoxgenase (5-LOX) and β-hexosaminidase release, researchers found that application of fennel extract at ethanol 70% with IC50 of 3.2 μg/ml, exerts a potential effect in inhibited 5-LOX-catalyzed leukotriene production in mediation of allergy, and other immune responses.
β-hexosaminidase released from activated mast cells are responsible for the allergic inflammatory reactions associated with immune response.
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX), an enzyme plays important roles in infection and allergic responses.
Although many ingredients isolated from fennel fruit demonstrated an inhibitory effect in the reduced immune overreaction of the unharmful allergens, phenylpropanoid, trans-anethole, showed the considerable inhibitory action of 5-LOX in compared to others, particularly at IC50 of 51.6 μM of trans-anethole
However, the fennel bioactive compound trans-anethole displayed insignificant effect on the degranulation reaction of β-hexosaminidase release from antigen-treated RBL-2H3 cells in compared to other ingredients.
RBL-2H3 cell line is a commonly used histamine-releasing cell line in immunological research of. inflammatory and allergic activities.
These results suggested, depending on the stimulation of allergens, fennel demonstrated anti-allergic activity through expression of different constituents in both the plant (FR) and trans-anethole alone.
Dr. the lead author after taking into account of other co-founders, said, "FR and several major constituents are 5-LOX inhibitors and they may have the potential for treating 5-LOX-related disorders".
Additionally, according to the study of Yonsei University, oral administration (200 mg/kg) of Foeniculum vulgare fruit methanolic extract in tested animal model exhibited inhibitory effects against acute and subacute inflammatory diseases and type IV allergic reactions, a delayed type hypersensitivity usually takes a few days to develop.
Further analysis suggested that application of fennel also reduced inflammatory factors activated by
the immune response in the induction of systemic inflammation against allergens in causing damage to the body through its antioxidants and stimulated productions of antioxidant enzymes from the host, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level.in the prevention of lipid peroxidation in initiated by ROS.
Moreover, the application also reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is an indication and maker of oxidative stress.
Interestingly, F. vulgare fruit methanolic extract expressed a strong effect in inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the innate immune system through activated macrophages in inhibited pathogens replication.
The above differentiation was supported by the literature of "Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology"
posted in the BioMed Research International.
According to the study, oral injection of the methanolic extract of F. vulgare fruit at200 mg/kg once a day for 7 days showed a significant inhibitory effect on DNFB- (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-) induced delayed type hypersensitivity through fennel immunosuppressive properties.
2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) may induce allergic contact dermatitis.
The information collected indicated that fennel, its bioactive compounds, and extracts may be considered as a functional food for reduced risk immune over the response to unharmful allergens.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299
Sources
(1) 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition of the Fructus of Foeniculum vulgare and Its Constituents by Lee JH1, Lee DU, Kim YS, Kim HP. (PubMed)
(2) Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare by Choi EM1, Hwang JK. (PubMed)
(3) Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology by Shamkant B. Badgujar,* Vainav V. Patel, and Atmaram H. Bandivdekar(PubMed)
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