Skin aging is a natural process which can not be stopped. However, some people may look younger compared to their biological age.
According to the prominent oxidative stress theory, long-term accumulation of cells damage due to overexpression of free radicals in the skin can lead to early skin aging.
The joint study led by the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio suggested, alterations in oxidative damage/stress also play a role in aging. Rodents with resistance to oxidative stress (and in some cases reduced oxidative damage to macromolecules) showed an increased lifespan, compared to oxidative stress control.
Some researchers suggested that genetic preposition may play a critical role in the promotion of delayed aging. Dr. Viviana I Pérez, the lead scientist in the study of free radical theory wrote, "Because only one (the deletion of the Sod1 gene) of the 18 genetic manipulations we studied had an effect on lifespan".
Regardless of free radical or other theories associated with the aging processes, there are many risk factors that can lead to reduced life span and delayed the skin aging process, even in people with a longevity gene.
In other words, long-term unhealthy lifestyle such as excessive alcohol drinking, substances abuse, smoking, physical inactivity not only can reduce the gene effect on longevity but also increase the risk of early skin aging and shorten the proposed life span.
Artichoke is a perennial thistle of Cynara cardunculus species of the Cynara genus, belonging to the family Carduoideae native to Southern Europe around the Mediterranean.
The herbal plant has been used in traditional medicine as liver protective and detoxified agent, and for the treatment of digestive disorders, abdominal pain gas and bloating, etc.
Researchers on the finding a natural therapeutic which processed antiaging property investigated the anti-age effect of a polyphenolic artichoke extract on endothelial cells.
Injection of the extract showed a significant anti-aging activity by exhibiting the important molecular markers responsible for the microcirculation and vasodilatation of endothelial cells, through its anti-inflammatory function, and protecting the lymphatic vessels from oxidative damage by ROS formation, and enhancing the cellular cohesion by reinforcing the tight junction complex.
In other words, the polyphenolic artichoke extracts exhibited anti-age effect against the skin and subcutaneous tissue damage caused by overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines associated with the production of free radical and depletion of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host.
The anti-aging efficacy was attributed to the combined activity of constituents found in the herbal medicine, including 87% of chlorogenic, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic, and 1,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acids.
Furthermore, polyphenolic artichoke extract improved the expression of genes involved in anti-aging mechanisms.
On human subjects, an artichoke extract cosmetic formulation also reduced 19.74% of roughness and enhanced 11.45% of elasticity, compared to a placebo cream.
Furthermore, in UVB-induced photoaging, researchers examined antioxidant activity of Cynaropicrin (Cyn), a sesquiterpene lactone, and major bioactive phytochemical in the artichoke.
Cynaropicrin (Cyn) attenuated UVB-induced oxidative stress by activating the AhR-Nrf2-Nqo1 pathway associated with the production of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory factors against oxidative stress.
In other words, in anti-aging perspective, Cyn not only actively inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species from keratinocytes irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB), but also the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α from UVB-treated keratinocytes.
Taken altogether, artichoke processed high amounts of bioactive compounds may be used as a functional antiaging remedy with no side effects, pending to the validation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Artichoke Polyphenols Produce Skin Anti-Age Effects by Improving Endothelial Cell Integrity and Functionality by D'Antuono I1, Carola A2, Sena LM3, Linsalata V4, Cardinali A5, Logrieco AF6, Colucci MG7,8, Apone F. (PubMed)
(2) Cynaropicrin attenuates UVB-induced oxidative stress via the AhR-Nrf2-Nqo1 pathway byTakei K1, Hashimoto-Hachiya A1, Takahara M1, Tsuji G1, Nakahara T2, Furue M. (PubMed)
(3) Is the Oxidative Stress Theory of Aging Dead? by Viviana I Pérez,1,2 Alex Bokov,1,3 Holly Van Remmen,1,2,4,6 James Mele,4 Qitao Ran,1,2Yuji Ikeno,1,5,6 and Arlan Richardson. (PMC)
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