Bone is a hard whitish tissue making up the skeleton in humans which provides a framework for the attachment of muscles and other tissues.
Bone density is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue. Loss of bone density is found to induce osteoporosis.
Bone density is measured by the young adult bone density mean within 1 standard deviation (+1 or −1). The negative T-score is an indication of loss or lower bone density and the T-score of −2.5 or lower is an indication of osteoporosis.
Risk factors of losing bone density include gender, (women are more likely to develop osteoporosis compared to men) the increase in age, race, (African Americans have both lower rates of bone density loss and osteoporosis), family history.
People with low bone mass accompanied by progressive bone density loss over time are associated with an increased risk of developing osteoporosis.
Low bone mass is a risk factor of osteoporosis, The condition may also increase the incidence of bone fracture if it is accompanied by other risk factors.
Some researchers suggested that people who follow a healthy diet pattern are less likely to develop osteoporosis.
Dr. Małgorzata Kostecka in the examination of the role of a healthy diet in the prevention of osteoporosis in perimenopausal period, wrote, "Diet of a large part of society is not properly balanced which can cause abnormalities in achieving proper bone mineralization. Long-term deficiencies in calcium and vitamin D in daily diet are the cause of taking dietary supplements".
And, "Changes in the nutritional regimen are required already during childhood because nutritional mistakes are the main cause of diet-related diseases in adulthood".
The results indicated a link to an unhealthy diet in the risk of osteoporosis.
Honey, the rich golden liquid is the miraculous product made by bees using nectar from flowers.
The liquid is considered one of healthy sweet food for replacing the use of white sugar and artificial sweetener by many people.
Researchers on finding a natural remedy for the protection of bone structure investigated the honey effects on the cessation of exercise on bone properties in young female rats.
The experiment included a total of eighty four 12-week-old Sprague-Dawley female rats randomly divided into 7 groups: 16S, 16J, 16H, 16JH, 8J8S, 8H8S, and 8JH8S (8 = 8 weeks, 16 = 16 weeks, S = sedentary without honey supplementation, H = honey supplementation, and J = jumping exercise).
Jumping exercise consisted of 40 jumps/day for 5 days/week and honey was given to the rats at a dosage of 1 g/kg body weight/rat/day via force feeding for 7 days/week.
After 8 weeks of cessation of exercise, honey supplementation groups (8JH) showed higher tibial energy, proximal total bone density, a midshaft cortical moment of inertia, and cortical area, compared to 16S.
Continuous sixteen weeks of combined jumping and honey group (16JH) exerted a significant greater tibial maximum force, energy, proximal total bone density, proximal trabecular bone density, midshaft cortical bone density, cortical area, and midshaft cortical moment of inertia, compared to 16S.
Dr. Tavafzadeh SS, the lead scientist said, "the beneficial effects of 8 weeks of combined exercise and honey supplementation still can be observed after 8 weeks of the cessation and exercise and supplementation".
In other words, these comparative results suggested that long term combined exercise and honey supplementation may have a long term effect on the bone structure, even after the cessation of exercise and honey supplementation.
In order to reveal more information about honey effects on bone structure, researchers examined the jumping exercise intensities combined with honey on bone and gonadotrophins in an animal model.
The experimental groups selected to the study were required to exercise 20 or 80 jumps per day combined with or without honey supplementation (HJ20, HJ80, J20, and J80), Oher groups selected to the study also included honey supplementation (H), sedentary without supplementation control (C), and baseline control (C0) groups.
HJ80 showed the greatest beneficial effects on tibial and femoral mass, serum total calcium and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, compared to the lower levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone concentrations in H, J20, J80, particularly in the C group.
Furthermore, the serum luteinizing hormone concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in HJ20, HJ80 and J20 compared to J80.
The surprising result indicated moderate jumping exercise combined with honey supplementation may have a better effect compared to high-intensity exercise + honey supplement on bone mass and density.
Moreover, honey may have protection against the adverse effects induced by jumping exercise on gonadotropins in female rats.
Taken altogether, honey may be considered a functional remedy for the protection of bone mass regardless of the types of exercise, pending to the confirmation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Bone Mechanical Properties and Mineral Density in Response to Cessation of Jumping Exercise and Honey Supplementation in Young Female Rats by Tavafzadeh SS1, Ooi FK1, Chen CK1, Sulaiman SA2, Hung LK. (PubMed)
(2) Effects of honey supplementation combined with different jumping exercise intensities on bone mass, serum bone metabolism markers and gonadotropins in female rats by Mosavat M, Ooi FK1, Mohamed M. (PubMed)
(3) The role of healthy diet in the prevention of osteoporosis in perimenopausal period by Małgorzata Kostecka. (PMC)
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