Depression is a psychological illness which affects a patient mentally, including thinking and feeling and physically such as loss of interest in physical activity.
The exact causes of depression are not identified. However, some risk factors such as genetic predisposition, personality, stress, and brain chemistry are found to associate with the onset in patients with such a condition.
There are some types of depression which can be classified as follow
1. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is caused by the change of weather. The mood of patients is affected by the weather and time of the year.
2. Postpartum depression is associated with the mother who can not cope with change following the birth of a child.
3. Depression with psychosis is the most severe case of depression as patients have lived in the illusion and loss of touch with reality.
4. Dysthymia, a persistent depressive disorder, also called dysthymia (dis-THIE-me-uh), is considered a chronic form of mild depression.
Most cases of depression in conventional medicine are treated with medication such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and antidepressants, accompanied by psychotherapy.
If you take any aforementioned medicine, please make sure that you know all the side effects for preventive measure.
Honey, the rich golden liquid is the miraculous product made by bees using nectar from flowers.
The liquid is considered one of healthy sweet food for replacing the use of white sugar and artificial sweetener by many people.
In the course to find a natural agent for the treatment of depression with no side effects, researchers evaluated the chemical compound chrysin found abundantly in honey against chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).
The study included a 28-day oral treatment with chrysin (5 or 20mg/kg) in female mice subjected to CUMS, comparing to the effect of fluoxetine.
Before treatment of chrysin, CUMS applied for 28days induced a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels as well as in the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity.
Where brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF ) as a neurotransmitter modulator, plays an important role in neuronal survival and growth as well as in learning and memory.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain target neurons. Reduced levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) has been found in patients with depression.
Na + /K + -ATPase is an enzyme with a function in maintaining resting potential, affects transport, and regulates cellular volume.
Clinical evidence suggested that Na+, K+-ATPase-induced activation of intracellular signaling participates in the mechanisms underlying patients with mood disorder.
Chrysin (20mg/kg) and fluoxetine improved the BDNF and NGF levels in non-stressed mice and in CUMS treatment mice.
Injection of chrysin and fluoxetine treatments also exerted an antidepressant effect by protecting the CUMS rats against all alterations of the decreased production of antioxidant enzymes and increased oxidative stress.
Based on the findings, Dr. Filho CB, the lead scientists, "the up-regulation of BDNF and NGF levels is a mechanism possibly involved in the antidepressant effect of chrysin in mice".
Furthermore, in order to reveal more information about the honey antidepressant property, researchers examined investigated the effect of chrysin in mice exposed to unpredictable chronic stress (UCS).
In UCS applied for 28 days induced depressive-like rats, oral treatment with chrysin (5 or 20mg/kg, 28 days), similarly to fluoxetine (10mg/kg, positive control) inhibited the decrease in the time of grooming in the splash test and increase in the immobility time.
Chrysin (5 or 20mg/kg, 28 days), similarly to fluoxetine treatment was also found to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and elevated corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone in the UCS-induced depressive-like rats.
Where elevated corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone was associated with patients with depression.
Moreover, Chrysin (5 or 20mg/kg, 28 days), similarly to fluoxetine treatment also attenuated the hormone deficiency such as 5-HT levels in the HP and elevated enzyme and matrixes such as indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, caspase 3 and 9 activities in the PFC and HP associated with depression-like symptoms, induced by UCS.
Taken altogether, honey processed bioactive compound chrysin may be considered a functional remedy for the treatment of depression, pending to the confirmation of larger sample size and multicenter human study
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Chronic unpredictable mild stress decreases BDNF and NGF levels and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice: antidepressant effect of chrysin by Filho CB1, Jesse CR2, Donato F1, Giacomeli R1, Del Fabbro L1, da Silva Antunes M1, de Gomes MG1, Goes AT1, Boeira SP1, Prigol M1, Souza LC. (PubMed)
(2) Neurochemical factors associated with the antidepressant-like effect of flavonoid chrysin in chronically stressed mice by Filho CB1, Jesse CR2, Donato F1, Del Fabbro L1, de Gomes MG1, Goes ATR1, Souza LC1, Giacomeli R1, Antunes M1, Luchese C3, Roman SS4, Boeira SP. (PubMed)
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