Cramp Bark(Viburnum opulus) in the Prevention and Treatment of Ureteral Stones

The kidneys formed part of the secretary system are two bean-shaped organs located against the back muscles in the upper abdominal area.

The kidneys play a critical role in filtering wastes from the breakdown of active muscle and the food you eat and removing extra water from the blood through urinary secretion.

Furthermore, the kidneys also maintain the fluid in the body by secreting extra water through urinary secretion.

Kidney stones are composed of mineral salts formed in the kidneys. Men account for 80% kidney stones incidence and are at risk of the formings between 30 and 40 years of age. About 75% of kidney stones are calcium stones.

According to statistics, kidney stones affect over 10% of the world population.

The causes of kidney stones are debatable. However, some researchers suggested that dehydration, food restriction, Rotavirus infection, over intake of calcium and supplements,... and high fat intake are associated with increased risk of forming kidney stones.

Ureteral stones are kidney stones that stuck in one or both ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder), leading to the obstruction of the urinary secretion.


Most people with kidney stones are asymptomatic. However, some may experience symptoms of renal colic, an excruciating intermittent pain, usually in the flank (the area between the ribs and hip), that spreads across the abdomen, often to the genital area and inner thigh.


The pain tends to come in waves, gradually increasing to peak intensity, then fading, over about 20 to 60 minutes. The pain may radiate down the abdomen toward the groin or testis or vulva.

Other symptoms include nausea and vomiting, restlessness, sweating, and blood in the urine. A person may have an urge to urinate frequently, particularly as the stone passes down the ureter. Chills, fever, and abdominal distention.

Cramp Bark is an ornamental plant, genus Viburnum, belongings to the family Adoxaceae, native to Europe and Asia. T herbal medicine has been used in traditional and herbal medicine as anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, nervine. hypotensive agent and to treat menstrual cramps and pain, afterbirth, postpartum pains, excessive blood loss in periods, bleeding associated with the menopause, etc.


On finding a potential herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones, researchers examined the efficacy of Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus) extract in the treatment of distal ureteral stones <10 mm.

The study included data of a total of 103 patients retrospectively analyzed. divided into two groups: those given V. opulus 1000 mg peroral 3×2 and diclofenac 50 mg peroral on-demand (n=53) and those given only diclofenac sodium 50 mg peroral on-demand (n=50).

According to the expulsion rate assay, group treated with V. opulus 1000 mg peroral 3×2 and diclofenac 50 mg peroral on-demand showed a rate of stone expulsion that is significantly higher of 82% compared to the diclofenac 50 mg peroral on-demand treatment group of 66%.

Furthermore, elapsed time to stone expulsion was significantly shorter in the V. opulus 1000 mg peroral 3×2 and diclofenac 50 mg peroral on-demand of 9±1.8, compared to another group of 14±2.3 days.

Most importantly, the V. opulus group showed no need for additional treatment (URS and ESWL), and analgesic was less requirement compared to another group.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "V. opulus is an herbal treatment alternative that facilitates the passage of ureteral stones <10 mm. Prospective, randomized studies are needed to support these results".

Taken altogether, cramp bark(Viburnum opulus) may be considered a functional remedy for the treatment of ureteral stones, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The evaluation of the effectiveness of Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) extract in the medical expulsive treatment of distal ureteral stones by Kızılay F1, Ülker V2, Çelik O2, Özdemir T1, Çakmak Ö2, Can E2, Nazlı O. (PubMed)