Inflammation is a natural defense of the immune system that protects the body against the insult from the foreign invasion.
Acute inflammation occurs quickly that lasts a few days or weeks. Most cases of acute inflammation-induced tissue damage are healed themselves after all pathogens are killed off.
However, if the immune system can not completely eradicate all invaders in the acute phase of infection, it will compromise, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, a major cause of cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and diabetes.
Chronic inflammation is a low-grade inflammation caused by the inability of the immune system to eliminate the invasive pathogens that occurred in the acute phase of infection.
Any inflammation that lasts more than 8 weeks is considered chronic inflammation.
Believe it or not, worldwide, 3 of 5 death are results from chronic inflammatory diseases like stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disorders, cancer, obesity, and diabetes.
In the US, chronic inflammatory diseases affect more than 50 million Americans each year.
Anti-inflammation is a process that inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokines without affecting the immune system activity against pathogens.
Diseases associated with low-grade inflammation include diabetes and cardiovascular.
Coltsfoot(Tussilago farfara) is a perennial herbaceous plant, genus Tussilago, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and Asia. The herb has been used over thousands of year to treat asthma, various coughs, bronchial congestion, respiratory disorders, headaches and obstruction in the nasal passage, etc.
On finding a potential compound for the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation, researchers examined the anti-inflammatory effect of Tussilagone (FTF), isolated from the flower of buds of Tussilago farfara (Compositae).
The study included compounds 1-4 chlorogenic acid (1), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (2), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3), and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4) isolated from ETE and their mixture was determined by spectral analysis given to mice orally in a ratio of 5:28:41:26 as in EtE) at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg once daily for 3 days. All mixture showed a significant antitussive effect by exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects against cough frequency by 61.7%.
Compared to other compounds, compound 2 was the most potent to enhance the phenol red secretion by 35.7% in alleviating inflammation.
Compound 4 showed the strongest effect to inhibit the leukocytosis by 49.7%.
Based on the findings, researchers said, "The caffeoylquinic acids and their mixture, exhibiting significant antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects, could be considered as the main effective ingredients of FTF, and they may act in a collective and synergistic way".
Taken altogether, coltsfoot may be considered a remedy for the treatment of disease associated with inflammatory disease, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory activities of four caffeoylquinic acids isolated from Tussilago farfara by Wu QZ1, Zhao DX1, Xiang J1, Zhang M1, Zhang CF1, Xu XH. (PubMed)
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