Diabetes is a medical and condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. The disease is either caused by cells in the pancreas that died off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.
The hallmark of diabetes is hyperglycemia associated with abnormally high blood glucose. Early detection of autoantibodies against beta cell markers can be helpful for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
In type 2 diabetes, diagnosed abnormal metabolites as potential markers were found to benefit the severity of various clinical complications.
The exact causes of type 1 diabetes are unknown. Researchers cannot explain why the immune system in some patients choose to destroy the insulin-producing (islet, or islets of Langerhans) cells in the pancreas.
Although there are many risk factors associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes such as genetic preposition and lifestyle, some researchers suggested that the incidence of obesity in the Western world may have a strong implication on type 2 diabetes developing.
Dr. Abdullah S Al-Goblan, the lead scientist, in the investigation of the mechanism linking diabetes mellitus and obesity, wrote, "The pathogenesis in the development of diabetes is based on the fact that the β-islet cells of the pancreas are impaired, causing a lack of control of blood glucose".
And, "The development of diabetes becomes more inevitable if the failure of β-islet cells of the pancreas is accompanied by insulin resistance. Weight gain and body mass are central to the formation and rising incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes".
Therefore, if you are obese, your risk of type 1 and 2 are higher compared to healthy weight individuals.
Artichoke is a perennial thistle of Cynara cardunculus species of the Cynara genus, belonging to the family Carduoideae native to Southern Europe around the Mediterranean.
The herbal plant has been used in traditional medicine as a liver protective and detoxified agent, and to treat digestive disorders, abdominal pain gas and bloating, etc.
In the course to find a natural remedy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, researchers examined the Jerusalem artichoke (JA) effects on lipid disturbance and insulin resistance in an animal model.
Wistar rats selected to the study were fed a control diet, a 60 % fructose-enriched diet (FRU), or an FRU with 10 % JA (n 6-7) for 4 weeks.s
Rats group treated with FRU resulted in IR and hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation.
Additional injection of 10% JA not only reverses the alternation IR and hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation but decreased the expression of proteins associated with the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by FRU.
The results of JA efficacy were attributed to modulate the expression of proteins, malic enzyme 1 (Me1) involved in lipid synthesis, decorin (Dcn) related to the development of fibrosis and other genes associated with inflammation.
The results clearly suggested that through molecular mechanisms, JA processes a significant effect in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic liver disease.
Dr, the lead scientist wrote in the final report, "10 % JA supplementation may be beneficial for the prevention of the onset of these diseases (type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic liver disease) diseases".
In order to reveal more information about artichoke anti-diabetes activity, researchers evaluated the effect of supplementation with a Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture on blood glucose and oxidative stress levels.
The additional randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study included 60 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
The selected subjected were randomly assigned to either a group that ingested 40 g of a Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture (19.45 g each) daily or a group that received a placebo for 12 weeks.
Subjects treated with the Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture showed a significant reduction of the levels of fasting glucose, glucose at 60 min, and glucose areas under the response curve (AUC).
Furthermore, the group treated with the mixture also improved the insulin resistance, according to assay.
The mixture also was found to inhibit the expression of oxidative stress observed by the changes (Δ) in the urinary 8-epi-PGF2α index.
Moreover, the glucose at 60 min, 120 min, and AUC, FFAs at 0 min, and AUC of the mixture treated group demonstrated a potential anti-diabetes property compared to the non-treatment group.
Taken altogether, JA may be considered a functioning remedy for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, pending to the confirmation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Beneficial effects of soluble dietary Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) in the prevention of the onset of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fructose diet-fed rats by Chang WC1, Jia H2, Aw W2, Saito K2, Hasegawa S3, Kato H. (PubMed)
(2) The effects of Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture supplementation on blood glucose and oxidative stress in subjects with prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes by Ahn HY1, Kim M1, Seo CR2, Yoo HJ3, Lee SH4, Lee JH. (PubMed)
(3) Review of diabetes: identification of markers for early detection, glycemic control, and monitoring clinical complications by Wu JT. (PubMed)
(4) Mechanism linking diabetes mellitus and obesity by Abdullah S Al-Goblan,1 Mohammed A Al-Alfi,1 and Muhammad Z Khan. (PMC)
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