Acute inflammation is a natural response of the immune system to protect the human body against harmful stimuli and pathogens.
Acute information is the first phase of injection. At this phase, after sensing the body injury by the central nervous system, the immune first line of defense stimulates the production of blood platelets to the cover the site of damage and pro-inflammatory to kill off pathogens that try to enter the body through the wound or damaged tissue.
Acute inflammation usually receded after a few days or weeks depending on the size and damage. However, if all pathogens were not eradicated after 3 to 8 weeks, the immune system will compromise, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, a leading cause of chronic illness.
The most common symptoms of acute inflammation occurred with a short period of time such as hours is pain, redness, immobility, swelling, and heat.
Conventionally, depending on the types of acute inflammation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to alleviate the pain by counteracting an enzyme that contributes to inflammation.
Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, and muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.
On finding a potential compound for the treatment of acute inflammation, researchers examined the effect of bromelain, a mixture of proteases derived from pineapple stem on inflammatory diseases, including murine inflammatory bowel disease.
According to the tested assays,* In vitro, bromelain modulated the immune activity by removing a number of cell surface molecules that are vital to leukocyte trafficking.
* Bromelain inhibited neutrophil migration to IL-8 and decreased acute responses to inflammatory stimuli in the initiation of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
* In vivo, bromelain treatment generated a 50-85% reduction in neutrophil migration in 3 different murine models of leukocyte migration into the inflamed peritoneal cavity through its anti-inflammatory properties.
In other words, through its anti-inflammatory activity, bromelain inhibited the primary long-term effect on the abrogation of firm adhesion of leukocytes to blood vessels at the site of inflammation in the induction of inflammation.
Additionally, in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of acute allergic airway disease (AAD) with female C57BL/6J mice sensitized with intraperitoneal (i.p.) OVA/alum and then challenged with OVA aerosols for 3 days, administration of 200 mg/kg bromelain twice daily for four consecutive days, exerted a significant anti-inflammatory activity against the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by the injection of ovalbumin (OVA).
Interestingly, bromelain also inhibited allergic inflammation by modulating the immune response against ovalbumin (OVA).
Based on the findings, researchers wrote, " these studies demonstrate that bromelain can effectively decrease neutrophil migration to sites of acute inflammation".
Taken altogether, bromelain may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of acute inflammation, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of bromelain in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Bromelain treatment decreases neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation by Fitzhugh DJ1, Shan S, Dewhirst MW, Hale LP. (PubMed)
(2) Oral Bromelain Attenuates Inflammation in an Ovalbumin-induced Murine Model of Asthma by Secor ER1, Carson WF, Singh A, Pensa M, Guernsey LA, Schramm CM, Thrall RS. (PubMed)
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