Neuroprotection is a process to preserve the neuronal structure and/or function against the death or gradual death of neurons, including the use of medicines and herbs.
In other words, neuroprotection protects the neuronal integrity against the reduction in the rate of neuronal loss over time inducing neurological disease, including neurodegenerative disease.
Brain ischemia is a condition caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand, leading to irreversible brain damage in severe cases.
In other words, brain ischemia-induced the death of neurons of the affected tissues.
Brain ischemia can be classified into
* Focal ischemia is a condition caused by damage to a specific region of the brain; and
* Global ischemia is a condition of damage that affects the wide areas of brain tissue, leading to symptoms of impairments in vision, body movement, and speaking.
Dr. Jin-Moo Lee in the study of the issues of how the brain tissue responses to ischemia, said, "The brain is particularly vulnerable to ischemia. Complete interruption of blood flow to the brain for only 5 minutes triggers the death of vulnerable neurons in several brain regions, whereas 20–40 minutes of ischemia is required to kill cardiac myocytes or kidney cells".
And, "...the brain’s intrinsic cell-cell and intracellular signaling mechanisms, normally responsible for information processing, become harmful under ischemic conditions, hastening energy failure and enhancing the final pathways underlying ischemic cell death in all tissues, including free radical production, activation of catabolic enzymes, membrane failure, apoptosis, and inflammation".
Angelica or Dang Qui is a herb of Genus Angelica from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China.
The herb has been used as a Queen herb in traditional Chinese medicine antispasmodic and vasodilatory agent, and to balance the hormones in women for a normal menstrual cycle and menstruation and strengthen heart, spleen, kidneys, and liver for both men and women, etc. In other words, it is used to treat gynecological ailments, fatigue, mild anemia, and high blood pressure. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, etc.
On finding a potential compound for the protection of the brain, researchers examined the neuroprotective effects of Xixian Tongshuan Preparation containing Ligusticum chuanxiong, Angelica Sinensis, Carthamus tinctorius, and Panax pseudo-ginseng.
According to chemical analysis, all constituents found in the formula work synergistically to protect the neurons against damage.
Furthermore, the formula inhibited the 5 glutamate receptors, TGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 in the mediation of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to induce neuron death and injury.
Moreover, a single component, such as neo-complanatoside and neo-carthamin, in Xixian Tongshuan Preparation could simultaneously act on different targets to exert their neuroprotective effects.
Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "This study explains the multi-target mechanism of anti-cerebral ischemic injury in neuroprotection at the molecular level, and provides a certain direction for the clinical application and experimental research of Xixian Tongshuan Preparation".
Taken altogether, herbal Angelica in combination with other herbal medicines that may be considered a neuroprotective remedy, pending to larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) [Multi-target neuroprotective effect of Xixian Tongshuan Preparation against cerebral ischemia injury].[Article in Chinese] by Gu Y1, Zhao BW1, Chen X1, Luo YZ1, Zhang YL. (PubMed)
(2) Brain tissue responses to ischemia by Jin-Moo Lee, Margaret C. Grabb, Gregory J. Zipfel, and Dennis W. Choi. (PMC)
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