Green Tea Bioactive Polyphenol EGCG for Ameliorated Risk and Treatment of Colon Cancer

Colon cancer is a medical condition caused by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in the colon tissues. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may travel a distance away to infect other healthy organs and tissues.


In the review of medical literature published online, green tea efficacy in reduced risk and treatment of colon cancer may be associated with the bioactive polyphenol EGCG expression in the promoted and
decreased certain interaction in the cell profiles through various mechanisms.

According to the study by the University College of Medicine, Seoul, application of EGCG on HT-29 colon cancer cells showed a significant effect in the inhibition of cell cycle progression of protein in COX-2 expression. through activation of AMPK activity in promoted metabolic tumor suppressor by regulating energy levels, enforcing metabolic checkpoints and inhibiting cell growth.

Cyclooxygenase(COX)-2, is an enzyme with function in speeding up the production of hormone prostaglandins in regulated cell proliferation and cell apoptosis.

AMPK(5' AMP-activated protein kinase) plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis, activation of AMPK may result in tumor growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis of cancer cells in some tumor types/contexts.

Additionally, in inhibition of COX-2 expression green tea EGCG reduced prostaglandin E(2) secretion, thus reducing risk of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in modulated angiogenesis, including the process of new blood vessel formation, promoted proliferation, migration and formation of endothelial cells, lining the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

The study also emphasized that inhibiting AMPK by an AMPK inhibitor may interrupt the function of the bioactive compound in initiated such changes.

Continuously, the activation of enzyme AMPK also had a strong implication on VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and glucose transporter in facilitating the transport of glucose over a plasma membrane and Glut-1 in facilitating the transport of glucose across the plasma membranes of mammalian cells in EGCG-treated cancer cells.

Further analysis, application of EGCG activated AMPK enzyme also modulated the production of ROS without causing ROS expression in initiated tumor progression and damage to cellular structures, such as the lipid membrane, protein, and nucleic acid but inducing cancer cells DNA mutations and compromised genome integrity, subsequently in cancer cells senescence and death.


In another aspect of the study of colon cancer in an animal model, diminished levels of retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRα) in regulated cancer cell growth and modulated suppress tumorigenesis may have a profound effect on cell proliferation.

Application of green tea bioactive EGCG expressed a significant effect in restored RXRα protein and expression levels caused by methylation function in alternated the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence, thus reducing risk of cancer expansion.

Additional differentiation also suggested that EGCG induced methylation changes in several other colon cancer-related genes to restore the levels of RXRα without causing a decrease in global methylation in maintaining the epigenetic state of individual genes.

Change of globe methylation expression is found to associate to the occurrence of cancer.

Retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRα) is a nuclear receptor with function in regulated cancer proliferation and modulated suppression of tumorigenesis.

Based the results finding, EGCG with a novel therapeutic effect on common and on chemo-resistant colon cancer cells may be considered as a secondary application used a combination with chemotherapeutic agents, 5-FU for treatment of any types of colon cancer

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Apoptotic effect of EGCG in HT-29 colon cancer cells via AMPK signal pathway by Hwang JT1, Ha J, Park IJ, Lee SK, Baik HW, Kim YM, Park OJ.(PubMed)
(2) Reduction in promotor methylation utilizing EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) restores RXRα expression in human colon cancer cells by Morris J1, Moseley VR2, Cabang AB1, Coleman K2, Wei W3, Garrett-Mayer E4, Wargovich MJ1.(PubMed)
(3) Global Methylation in Exposure Biology and Translational Medical Science by Heather H. Nelson,1,2 Carmen J. Marsit,3,4 and Karl T. Kelsey4,5(PubMed)