Herbal Turmeric Protects the Cells Integrity and Viability Against Arsenic Exposure

Arsenic is a toxic chemical with atomic number 33 found in many minerals, usually in combination with other chemicals, including sulfur and metals.

Arsenic exposure can be acute or chronic
* Acute arsenic toxicity is caused by arsenic toxicity that induces symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe diarrhea. In severe cases, the acute condition also causes encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy.
* Chronic arsenic toxicity results in multisystem disease.

Some studies suggested that inorganic arsenic has been found to act as a human carcinogen in the initiation or progression of skin, lung, and bladder cancer.

Chronic arsenic toxicity is also associated with liver and prostate cancer.

Recent studies suggested chronic arsenic toxicity also have a positive link to diabetes, neurological effects, cardiac disorders, and reproductive organs.

In skin cancer, exposure to trivalent arsenite was found to be associated with the occurrence of UV-induced skin cancers.

In Lung cancer, according to some studies, the risk of lung cancer is consistently higher in groups exposed to arsenic compared to a group that does not.


In bladder cancer, a recent study suggested that exposure to low concentrations of arsenic is related to bladder cancer because of potentially insufficient statistical power and errors in the classification of exposure status.

In liver cancer, risk of the liver is increased substantially at an arsenic concentration that is above 0.64, according to the 20-year retrospective cohort study on liver cancer patients (802 male and 301 female) from 138 communities in Taiwan suggested.

In prostate cancer, the relative odds ratio is increased depending on the concentration of arsenic concentration.


In other diseases
* Neurological disease
Risk of neurological disease is directly associated with the arsenic concentration, including neurobehavioral abnormalities during puberty, and neurobehavioral changes as an adult.
* Diabetes
The link of arsenic exposure and the incidence of diabetes has been reported between type 2 diabetes occurring in obese individuals aged 40 years or older on inorganic arsenic exposure.

* Skin disorder
Exposure to various concentrations of arsenic promotes skin cancer risk and is related to disorders in the prodromal phases of skin cancer.

* In cardiovascular disease
Arsenic affects thrombocytes in the initiation of cardiovascular diseases.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and for the treatment of flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of diseases associated with arsenic toxicity, researchers examined the effects of curcumin on DNA damage caused by arsenic.

In peripheral blood lymphocytes, from a healthy donor, DNA damage induced by arsenic was significantly reduced by curcumin, observed by the interaction of lymphocytes pre-incubated with curcumin prior to arsenic insult.
Furthermore, arsenic caused DNA damage by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancement of lipid peroxidation level was inhibited by the administration of curcumin by increasing the level of phase II detoxification enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase.

Moreover, injection of curcumin also enhanced the DNA repair activity against arsenic-induced damage, observed by the increased expression of the polymerase, a repair enzyme.

Based on the finding, Dr. Mukherjee S, the lead scientist said, "curcumin has a significant role in confronting the deleterious effect caused by arsenic, which could be an economic model of arsenic mitigation".

In the joint study led by the West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences to evaluate the ameliorative effect of turmeric and ginger powder against experimentally induced arsenic toxicity in calves, researchers showed that
* Turmeric and ginger powder significantly (P<0.05) reduced the plasma and hair arsenic levels through increased excretion via feces and urine.
* Turmeric and ginger treated groups inhibited the increased activity of AST and ALT of oxidative stress markers caused by arsenic toxicity.

* Blood profiles associated with toxicity also ameliorated by the administration of the combined formula.

* The Levels antioxidant enzymes produced by the host that was depressed by arsenic exposure were also increased by the treatment of turmeric and ginger treated groups.

Based on the results, researchers wrote, "The test drugs are found significantly effective not only to eliminate arsenic from the body but also give protection from possible damage caused by arsenic exposure".

Taken altogether, turmeric processed abundantly bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with chronic arsenic exposure, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Ameliorative effect of two Ayurvedic herbs on experimentally induced arsenictoxicity in calves by Biswas S1, Maji C1, Sarkar PK2, Sarkar S1, Chattopadhyay A3, Mandal TK. (PubMed)
(2) A Mechanistic Approach for Modulation of Arsenic Toxicity in Human Lymphocytes by Curcumin, an Active Constituent of Medicinal Herb Curcumalonga Linn by Mukherjee S1, Roy M, Dey S, Bhattacharya RK. (PubMed)
(3) Health Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure by Young-Seoub Hong,1,2 Ki-Hoon Song,3 and Jin-Yong Chun. (PMC)