Most Common Diseases of 50 Plus: Thyroid Disease : Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis - Treatments in Herbal medicine perspective

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
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                         Thyroid disease


Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active and produces too much thyroid hormones.


             Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis

Sepsis is defined as a condition caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammation throughout the body as a result of severe infection(a)(b). according to the study by the University of Utah, sepsis is the commonest cause of admission to medical ICUs across the world. Mortality from sepsis continues to be high. Besides shock and multi-organ dysfunction occurring following the intense inflammatory reaction to sepsis, complications arising from sepsis-related immunoparalysis contribute to the morbidity and mortality from sepsis(c).


                                              The  Treatments 



Treatments in herbal medicine perspective
1. Taraxacum coreanum
Taraxacum coreanum Nakaiis a dandelion native to Korea and is widely consumed as an edible and medicinal herb. Treatment of primary macrophages with Taraxacum coreanum chloroform fraction(TCC) in vitro significantly inhibited all of the inflammatory parameters measured, including LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production, iNOS and COX-2 expression, IκBα degradation, IKK phosphorylation, and MAPK and STAT1 activation. In a mouse model of LPS-induced septic shock, TCC inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and increased survival by 83%.Standard compounds (gallic acid, syringic acid) of Taraxacum coreanum were qualified by HPLC analysis, according to Kyung Hee University(62).

2. Chamaecyparis obtusa
β-thujaplicin, an active constituent from Chamaecyparis obtusa, has been shown to have acaricidal and antimicrobial effects. According to the study by the Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, the potential of β-thujaplicin in treatment of inflammation and sepsis. These effects occur through an efficient blockage of TNF-alpha and iNOS production. β-thujaplicin efficacy is comparable to that of indomethacin thus it can be a substitution but bear less depletion of PGE2, making this compound very promising in clinical applications(63).

3. Angelica sinensis
A low-molecular-weight (<10 kDa) fraction of A. sinensis extract significantly attenuated endotoxin-induced HMGB1 release in part through interfering with its cytoplasmic translocation in macrophage cultures. Prophylactic administration of an aqueous extract of A. sinensis significantly attenuated systemic HMGB1 accumulation in vivo, and conferred a dose-dependent protection against lethal endotoxemia. Furthermore, delayed administration of A. sinensis extract beginning 24 h after CLP attenuated systemic HMGB1 accumulation, and significantly rescued mice from lethal sepsis. Taken together, these data suggest that A. sinensis contains water-soluble components that exert protective effects against lethal endotoxemia and experimental sepsis in part by attenuating systemic accumulation of a late proinflammatory cytokine, HMGB1, according to the New York University School of Medicine(64).

4. Green tea
Intraperitoneal administration of EGCG protected mice against lethal endotoxemia, and rescued mice from lethal sepsis even when the first dose was given 24 hours after cecal ligation and puncture. The therapeutic effects were partly attributable to: 1) attenuation of systemic accumulation of proinflammatory mediator (e.g., HMGB1) and surrogate marker (e.g., IL-6 and KC) of lethal sepsis; and 2) suppression of HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses by preventing clustering of exogenous HMGB1 on macrophage cell surface, according to the study by the North Shore University Hospital-New York University School of Medicine(65).

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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9086580
(b)http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders/thyroid_disorders/euthyroid_sick_syndrome.html
(c) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthyroid_sick_syndrome
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8028742
(62) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23261487
(63) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22507316
(64) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424112
(65) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17987129