Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population: 10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in South-East Asia.
The Treatments
A. Treatments of cirrhosis depend not on the underline causes and stage of the diseases
Treatments In herbal medicine perspective
1. Ginkgo biloba leaves extract
In the study to to investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract on experimental liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in male albino mice, found that G. biloba leaves extract has a potential activity against TAA-inducedliver fibrosis and suggested that the chemical constituents of G. biloba are effective in modulation of oxidative stress induced by TAA(103).
Other study found that extract from Ginkgo biloba (EGb) containing 22% flavonoid and 5% terpenoid has been effective on chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis of rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))(104).
2. Cynanchum auriculatum
The investigation of the effect of general glycosides from Cynanchun auriculatum of Jiangsu on liver fibrosis of rats, found that the elevation of serum GPT, GOT, HA, PCIll, MDA and HyP and the content of liver homogenates were attanuated remarkably by BSW treatment. BSW groups also increased the level of SOD ofliver homogenates, and make the fibrotic liver better(105).
3. Bupleurum falcatum L. (Umbelliferae).
In the study to investigate the suppressive effect of saikosaponin-d (SSd) on hepatic fibrosis in rats induced by CCl(4) injections in combination with alcohol and high fat, low protein feeding and its relationship with the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukins-6 (IL-6), showed that SSd attenuates CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, which may be related to its effects of hepato-protective and anti-inflammation properties, the down-regulation of liver TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NF-kappaBp65 expression and the increased I-kappaBalpha activity in liver(106).
4. Rhubarb
Emodin is a orange crystalline compound, C14H4O2(OH)3CH3 found in rhubarb and other plants.
In the study to investigate the role of emodin in protecting the liver against fibrogenesis caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats and to further explore the underlying mechanisms, showed that
Emodin protects the rat liver from CCl(4)-induced fibrogenesis by inhibiting HSC activation. Emodin might be a therapeutic antifibrotic agent for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis(107).
Other in the study of "Traditional herbal medicine used associated with liver fibrosis in rural Rakai, Uganda", concerned that Pharmacokinetic and prospective clinical studies are needed to inform herb safety recommendations in sub-Saharan Africa. Counseling about herb use should be part of routine health counseling and counseling of HIV-infected persons in Uganda, according to the study by the College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala(108).
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Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(104) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16804984
(105) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20067024
(106) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278221
(107) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19824107
(108)http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0041737
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