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Isorhamnetin
Isorhamnetin is an O-methylated flavonol, a type of Flavonols, belonging to Flavonoids (polyphenols) found in Tagetes lucida.
Health benefits
1. Antioxidant activity
in the investigation the phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of aqueous infusions from wild-grown caper ( Capparis spinosa L.) and sea fennel ( Crithmum maritimum L.) from the Dalmatia region (Croatia) after their submission to an in vitro digestion process. HPLC/UV-vis-DAD/ESI-MS analysis of the caper infusion identified rutin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, and isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside as dominant flavonoids found that Both infusions exhibited good and dose-dependent antioxidant activity before in vitro digestion by the DPPH method, the β-carotene bleaching method, and copper-induced oxidation of human LDL, according to the study of "Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Infusions from Capparis spinosa L. and Crithmum maritimum L. before and after Submission to a Two-Step in Vitro Digestion Model" by Siracusa L, Kulisic-Bilusic T, Politeo O, Krause I, Dejanovic B, Ruberto G.(1)
2. Stabilization of beta-catenin
In the evaluation of isorhamnetin and its effect of anti-adipogenic effects in stabilization of beta-catenin found that Isorhamnetin inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of hAMSCs. Additionally, when the effects of Wnt antagonists that promote adipogenesis were evaluated, isorhamnetin was found to down-regulate the mRNA levels of sFRP1 and Dkk1, but had no effect on the mRNA levels of sFRP2, sFRP3, sFRP4 and Dkk3, according to "Isorhamnetin-induced anti-adipogenesis is mediated by stabilization of beta-catenin protein" by Lee J, Lee J, Jung E, Hwang W, Kim YS, Park D.(2)
3. Anti-inflammatory properties
In the observation of quercetin and its major metabolites quercetin-3-glucuronide (Q3G) and isorhamnetin and theirs effects on on inflammatory gene expression found that Anti-inflammatory properties of quercetin and isorhamnetin were accompanied by an increase in heme oxygenase 1 protein levels, a downstream target of the transcription factor Nrf2, known to antagonize chronic inflammation, according to "Effect of quercetin and its metabolites isorhamnetin and quercetin-3-glucuronide on inflammatory gene expression: role of miR-155" by Boesch-Saadatmandi C, Loboda A, Wagner AE, Stachurska A, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J, Döring F, Wolffram S, Rimbach G.(3)
4. Skin inflammation
In the analyzing the aerial parts of Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (Compositae)(AR), containing Nine major compounds, scopoletin, scopolin, scoparone, esculetin, quercetin, capillarisin, isorhamnetin, 3-O-robinobioside, isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside and chlorogenic acid and theirs effect on Skin inflammation found that AR and some of their major constituents are 5-LOX inhibitors, and these in vitro and in vivo activities may contribute to the therapeutic potential of AR in skin inflammatory disorders in traditional medicine, according to "Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and skin inflammation by the aerial parts of Artemisia capillaris and its constituents" by Kwon OS, Choi JS, Islam MN, Kim YS, Kim HP.(4)
5. Myelogenous erythroleukaemia cells
In the confirmation of isorhamnetin3-O-rutinoside (I3-O-R) of ethyl acetate extract (EA) obtained from Nitraria retusa leaves and its effect on human chronic myelogenous erythroleukaemia cells (K562) found that Apoptosis, revealed by DNA fragmentation and PARP cleavage, was observed after 48-h incubation of these human myelogenous erythroleukaemia cells (K562), with the tested products. Likewise, caspase 3 and caspase 8 activities were induced in the presence of the EA extract and I3-O-R after 48 h of incubation, according to "Ethyl acetate extract and its major constituent, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, from Nitraria retusa leaves, promote apoptosis of human myelogenous erythroleukaemia cells" by Boubaker J, Bhouri W, Ben Sghaier M, Ghedira K, Dijoux Franca MG, Chekir-Ghedira L.(5)
6. Cytotoxicity
In the examination of heterogenoside E and F, isolated from Lysimachia heterogenea Klatt, together with the eight known compounds, includingisorhamnetin-3-O-galactopyranoside found that The cytotoxic activities of anagallisin C, heterogenoside E and F were weak, according to "Two new triterpenoids from Lysimachia heterogenea Klatt and evaluation of their cytotoxicity" by Huang XA, Shen XL, Hu YJ, Liu YM, Liu KL, Zhang FX, Zhou XX.(6)
7. Hepatoprotective activities
In the investigation of antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of phenolic rich fraction (PRF) of Seabuckthorn leaves on CCl(4) including 319.33 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g PRF and some of its phenolic constituents, such as gallic acid, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin and theirs effect onhepatoprotective activities found that PRF has potent antioxidant activity, prevent oxidative damage to major biomolecules and afford significant protection against CCl(4) induced oxidative damage in the liver found that Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of phenolic rich fraction of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves" by Maheshwari DT, Yogendra Kumar MS, Verma SK, Singh VK, Singh SN.(7)
8. Osteoporosis
In the analyzing crude ethanolic extract of TSZ. the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis (Tu-Si-Zi, TSZ), including quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, hyperoside and astragalin and theirs effects found that the clinical use of TSZ in the treatment of osteoporosis, and demonstrated that kaempferol and hyperoside are the active compounds in TSZ for the osteogenic effect, according to "Antiosteoporotic compounds from seeds of Cuscuta chinensis" by Yang L, Chen Q, Wang F, Zhang G.(8)
9. Skin cancer
In the analyzing 3'-Methoxy-3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (isorhamnetin) in fruits and medicinal herbs and its effect on skin cancer found that sorhamnetin inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced neoplastic cell transformation. It also suppressed anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of A431 human epithelial carcinoma cells. Isorhamnetin attenuated EGF-induced COX-2 expression in JB6 and A431 cells. In an in vivo mouse xenograft using A431 cells,isorhamnetin reduced tumor growth and COX-2 expression, according to "Isorhamnetin suppresses skin cancer through direct inhibition of MEK1 and PI3-K" by Kim JE, Lee DE, Lee KW, Son JE, Seo SK, Li J, Jung SK, Heo YS, Mottamal M, Bode AM, Dong Z, Lee HJ.(9)
10. cytochrome P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1) activity
In the examination of a standard reference material of a Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), containing kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, ginkgolides and bilobalid found that demonstrated a strong induction (p < 0.005) of CYP1A1 activity and a slight, but significant (p < 0.005), decrease of this activity in the presence of B[a]P by the GBE at the realistic exposure level of 100 μg/ml, according to "Modulation of CYP1A1 activity by a Ginkgo biloba extract in the human intestinal Caco-2 cells" by Ribonnet L, Callebaut A, Nobels I, Scippo ML, Schneider YJ, De Saeger S, Pussemier L, Larondelle Y.(10)
11. Etc.
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22017607
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20097210
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20579867
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975819
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951288
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21934645
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21723907
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21463675
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330379
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21329749
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