Most Common Diseases of 50 Plus: Thyroid Disease : Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis - Treatments in TCM medicine perspective

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
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                         Thyroid disease


Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active and produces too much thyroid hormones.


             Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis

Sepsis is defined as a condition caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammation throughout the body as a result of severe infection(a)(b). according to the study by the University of Utah, sepsis is the commonest cause of admission to medical ICUs across the world. Mortality from sepsis continues to be high. Besides shock and multi-organ dysfunction occurring following the intense inflammatory reaction to sepsis, complications arising from sepsis-related immunoparalysis contribute to the morbidity and mortality from sepsis(c).

                                              The Treatments

Treatments in traditional Chinese medicine perspective
1. Cortex lycii Cortex lycii with both highest affinities was selected out from one hundred and fourteen traditional Chinese herbs. In subsequent experiments, chromatography was utilized and coupled with the biosensor to purify fractions with a higher affinity for LPS and CpG DNA. In line with affinity assay, these fractions were shown to neutralize LPS and CpG DNA and inhibit their activity in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, the contributing monomer Kukoamine B (KB) was purified. KB neutralized LPS and CpG DNA in vitro. It inhibited TLR4, TLR9 and MyD88 mRNA expressions up-regulated by LPS and CpG DNA, and also attenuated the LPS and CpG DNA elicited nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 protein in RAW264.7 cells. It also protected mice from lethal challenge of heat-killed E. coli, a mixture of LPS and CpG DNA(66).

2. Magnolia officinalis
Magnolol is a compound extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Magnolia officinalis. In the study to evaluate the effects of magnolol on sepsis induced by intravenous (i.v.) administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg/kg) in anaesthetized Wistar rats with Magnolol (4 microg/kg, i.v.) was administered at 30 min after LPS injection, found that post-treatment with magnolol significantly attenuated the deleterious haemodynamic changes (e.g., hypotension and bradycardia) caused by LPS. Meanwhile, magnolol significantly inhibited the elevation of plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and blood urine nitrogen caused by LPS. The induction of inducible nitrous oxide (NO) synthase and the overproduction of NO and superoxide anions by LPS were also significantly reduced by post-treatment with magnolol. Moreover, the plasma level of the thrombin-antithrombin complex following administration of LPS was also reduced by post-treatment with magnolol(67).

3. Terminaliachebula Retz
Terminaliachebula Retz was found to possess the highest capability of binding lipid A. With CER (cation-exchange resin) and HPLC, the extracted from Terminaliachebula Retz, and named them TCR1, TCR2 and TCR3 respectively was found that the TCR3 was the most capable candidate to bind lipid A. We also studied the biological activities of TCR3 against sepsis in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, TCR3 could significantly inhibit LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced LAL (Limulus amoebocyte lysate)) from agglutination and decrease TNFalpha (tumour necrosis factor alpha) release from RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner. in vivo, TCR3 could significantly protect mice against a lethal challenge with LPS and heat-killed Escherichia coli 35218 in a dose-dependent manner(68).

4. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang Qin)
2',5,6',7-tetrahydroxyflavanonol (THF) from S. baicalensis Georgi under the direction of neutralization of LPS and reducing proinflammatory cytokines. In vitro, THF directly bound to LPS and neutralized its activity. THF not only down-regulated TNF-alpha mRNA expression but also decreased TNF-alpha and IL-6 release from RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner. THF-mediated inhibition on proinflammatory cytokine release is probably associated with downregulation of LPS-induced TLR4 mRNA augmentation. In vivo, THF could significantly protect mice against a lethal challenge with heat-killed E. coli 35218 (E. coli 35218) in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased the plasma LPS level in endotoxemia mice, according to Third Military Medical University(69).

 
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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9086580
(b)http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders/thyroid_disorders/euthyroid_sick_syndrome.html
(c) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthyroid_sick_syndrome
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8028742
(66) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21073991
(67) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20519137
(68) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19203350
(69) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18755299