Monday, April 25, 2016

Most Common Diseases of 50plus: Pulmonary vascular disease(Respiratory disease): Pulmonary arterial hypertension Treatment In conventional medicine perspective

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                           Respiratory Disease

Respiratory Disease is defined as medical conditions, affecting the breathing organ and tissues including Inflammatory lung disease, Obstructive lung diseases, Restrictive lung diseases, Respiratory tract infections, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, the nerves and muscles breathing, etc,.

            Pulmonary vascular disease:  Pulmonary arterial hypertension 


Pulmonary vascular disease is defined as a condition of blood flow to the lung’s artery is blocked suddenly due to a blood clot somewhere in the body, including pulmonary embolism, chronic thromboembolic disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, pulmonary edema, etc.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a subgroup of a specific subgroup of pulmonary hypertension (PH) defined as a condition of slowly progressive disorder as a result of abnormally high blood pressure in the blood vessel, including pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries, that carries blood from the heart to the lungs due to narrowing in diameter of most of the very small arteries throughout the lungs of that increased resistance to blood flow, leading to right heart failure and death. Because the phrase pulmonary arterial hypertension is long and pulmonary hypertension is a bit shorter the phrase pulmonary hypertension is often used in place of pulmonary arterial hypertension(a).According to statistic, approximately over 1,000 new cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension are diagnosed each year, In the United States alone.

                               The Treatment

A. In conventional medicine perspective
Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (group 1 of clinical classification) has been recently characterized by important progresses, particularly in pharmacological therapy. According to the study by Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria,
1. Only until few years ago, patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension were treated with non-specific drugs, such as diuretics and digoxin for right heart failure and calcium-channel blockers in the minority of cases, responders to the acute vasoreactivity test. In addition, use of oral anticoagulant treatment was supported by uncontrolled studies.
2. In the last 15 years (in particular in the last 8 years) different randomized controlled trials assessing the functional, clinical and hemodynamic efficacy of three classes of targeted drugs (prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors) with pulmonary vascular dilating and antiproliferative effects have been performed.
a. Treatment starts with general measures (physical activity, fertility control, respiratory tract infection, etc.) and supportive therapy (anticoagulant therapy, diuretics, oxygen, digoxin). Patients who respond to the acute vasoreactivity test (10% of idiopathic form) are treated with high doses of calcium-channel blockers, non-responders with targeted therapies either on monotherapy or combination.
b. Usually an oral active drug is initiated and a second compound of a different class is combined in case of non-satisfactory response to the first treatment
c. Combination therapy should be performed only in specialized centers with large experience on use of targeted therapies and their relevant side effects.
d. In case of failure of medical therapy, possible options are balloon atrial septostomy and/or listing for lung or heart-lung transplantation. As available treatments do not constitute a cure for pulmonary arterial hypertension, further progresses are expected in the near future(37).


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