Herbal Cayenne processed a high amount of bioactive compound capsaicinoids may have a strong and potential effect in reducing levels of high blood cholesterol, according to studies.
Hyperlipidemia is a condition of abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
Cholesterol is a waxy substance which is produced either by the liver or injected from animal food sources.
Cholesterol found in our body is needed for our body to build cell walls, hormones, and vitamin D, and create bile salts that aid digestion. However, too much of them, in most cases due to the intake of animal protein can cause plaques built up on the arterial wall, the major cause of heart disease and stroke.
More precisely, if levels of low-density lipoprotein are high compared to high-density lipoprotein which returns the accessed cholesterol back to the liver, you have high blood cholesterol.
In other words, healthy blood cholesterol is any levels with either less than or equal to 4 (low-density lipoprotein/ 1 (high-density lipoprotein).
According to the statistics, in 2015-2016, by age and gender, a total of 12.4 percent of adults aged 20 years and over had high cholesterol in the United States.
Although there are many risk factors such as obesity, large waist circumference, physically inactive, smoking and diabetes associated with the onset of high blood cholesterol, researchers suggested that a poor diet with rich in saturated and trans fat, processed foods is the major cause of high blood cholesterol in the Western world.
Dr. Joan Carles Escolà-Gil and colleagues in the concern about the Western diet pattern in risk of high blood cholesterol wrote, "The HFHC diet caused a significant increase in plasma cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and liver cholesterol and enhanced macrophage-derived [3H]cholesterol flux to feces by 3- to 4-fold, (in tested mice)".
And, " The HFHC diet caused 1.4- and 3-fold increases in [3H]cholesterol efflux to plasma and HDL-derived [3H]tracer fecal excretion".
The results strongly indicated there is a clinical significance of a high-fat diet in the increased substantially risk of high blood cholesterol.
Cayenne is also known as Cayenne Pepper, a red, hot chili pepper, belonging to Capsicum annuum, the family Solanaceae, native to sub-tropical and tropical regions.
The herbal medicine has been used in traditional medicine to increases metabolism, enhance circulatory system and stomach and the intestinal tract, adjust blood pressure, lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, treat frostbite, muscles, arthritis, rheumatism, low back pain, strains, sprains, bruises, and neuralgia, etc.
The chemical constituents of Cayenne include capsaicin, capsacutin oil, solaine, xanthenes, oleic acid, palmitic acid, etc.
Researchers on finding herbal medicine for the treatment of high blood cholesterol examined the antihyperlipidemic effects of capsaicinoids, the active compounds in chili pepper.
Hamsters selected to the study were divided into five groups and fed a high-cholesterol diet containing 0 % (CON), 0.010 % (LD), 0.015 % (MD), 0.020 % (HD), and 0.030 % (VD) capsaicinoids, respectively, for 6 weeks.
Capsaicinoids reduced plasma total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerols without affecting the levels of high-density lipoprotein.
Dietary capsaicinoids increased the fecal excretion of total acidic sterols possibly associated with an enzyme which oxidizes cholesterol and inhibited the liver X receptor alpha which was found to raised HDL-cholesterol and increased liver triglycerides in a wild-type mice study.
Furthermore, capsaicinoids not only decreased cholesterol absorption but also improved the levels of expression of COX-2 associated with the accumulation of lipids in circulation and liver, and lipid peroxidation in case of deficiency.
Dr. Liang YT, the lead scientist, after taking into account co and confounders wrote, "Capsaicinoids were beneficial in improving lipoprotein profile and aortic function in hamsters fed a high-cholesterol diet".
Moreover, in female ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats, the sham group and OVX control group were fed with high-cholesterol diets, whereas the treatment group (control diet containing 0.01% capsaicinoids) was fed with high-cholesterol plus 0.01% capsaicinoids diet for 21 days.
Injection of capsaicinoids significantly decreased the body weight gain, plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerol without affecting the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the OVX rats.
These changes in plasma lipoprotein profile were accompanied by a greater excretion of total bile acid in feces and small intestinal contents.
The efficacy of the compound in the inhibition of high blood cholesterol was attributed to the significantly enhanced the expressions of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, an enzyme and receptor potential vanilloid type-1 associated with cholesterol oxidation.
Dr. Zhang L, the lead researchers wrote in the final report, "The hypocholesterolemic activity of capsaicinoids is caused by the stimulating conversion of cholesterol to bile acids by upregulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase expression and the increase in fecal total bile acid excretion".
Taken altogether, herbal cayenne processed major bioactive ingredient capsaicinoids may be considered a function fruit for the prevention and treatment of high blood cholesterol, pending to the
larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Capsaicinoids lower plasma cholesterol and improve endothelial function in hamsters by Liang YT1, Tian XY, Chen JN, Peng C, Ma KY, Zuo Y, Jiao R, Lu Y, Huang Y, Chen ZY.(PubMed)
(2) The hypocholesterolemic effect of capsaicinoids in ovariectomized rats fed with a cholesterol-free diet was mediated by inhibition of hepatic cholesterol synthesis by Zhang L1, Fang G, Zheng L, Chen Z, Liu X.(PubMed)
(3) Hypocholesterolemic effect of capsaicinoids by increased bile acids excretion in ovariectomized rats by Zhang L1, Zhou M, Fang G, Tang Y, Chen Z, Liu X.(PubMed)
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