Tongue cancer is a medical condition caused by irregular cell growth in the tissue of the tongue, due to the alternation of cell DNA.
Most cases of tongue cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the tongue. At the early stage, tongue cancer patients may not experience any size due to the very small of the tumors.
However, at the advanced stage, patients may experience symptoms of the persistent tongue and/or jaw pain as the tumor has pressed on the nearby nerve cells, a lump or tumor inside the mouth. a white or red patch on the gums, tongue, tonsil or lining in the mouth and persistent sore throat and difficulty swallowing or chewing.
If you have some of the above symptoms, please make sure to check with your doctor to rule out the possibility.
There are many risk factors associated with the disease, including long-term use of tobacco, excessive alcohol drinking, sun exposure to your lips.
Some researchers suggested that sexually transmitted virus human papillomavirus (HPV) and people with a weakened immune system also have been found in patients with tongue cancer.
The Cleveland Clinic wrote in the article of Oropharyngeal Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection
"Human papillomavirus (HPV), commonly known as the virus that causes genital warts and cervical cancer in women, is increasingly being recognized now as a cause of infections that colonize the back of the mouth (throat or oropharynx), including the tongue base and tonsils, and potentially a cause of cancer of the head and neck".
The results strongly suggested that people who carry the HPV virus in their mouth are at an increased risk of tongue cancer, compared to those without.
Sinigrin is a phytochemical glucosinolate, belonging to the family of glucosides found abundantly in Brussels sprouts, broccoli, the seeds of black mustard, etc.
Scientists on the searching natural compound with the inhibitory activity against the tongue
carcinogenesis examined the effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and sinigrin (SIN) on the initiation and post-initiation phases of tongue cancer.
Selected male ACI/N rats. induced tongue cancer by the injection of by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) divided into
* Group 1 was given 4-NQO (10 ppm) in the drinking water for 12 weeks, starting at 7 weeks of age;
* Groups 2 and 3 were given 4-NQO and fed the diets containing I3C (1,000 ppm) and SIN (1,200 ppm) for 14 weeks, respectively, starting at 6 weeks of age;
* Groups 4 and 5 were given 4-NQO and then they were fed I3C and SIN containing diets for 23 weeks, respectively, starting one week after 4-NQO exposure;
* Groups 6 and 7 were given I3C and SIN alone, respectively, during the experiment; and
* Group 8 served as an untreated control.
At the end of the experiment at week 37, the incidence of tongue neoplasms (squamous cell papilloma and carcinoma) in group 2 (1/15, 7%), group 3 (1/15, 7%), group 4 (3/15, 20%) or group 5 (2/15, 13%) was significantly smaller than that in group 1 (12/17, 71%).
Group groups 2, 3, and 5 showed no tongue carcinomas developed. In other words, the injection of I3C and SIN restored the infected cell to healthy levels induced by the 4-NQO.
Group treated with I3C and SIN also showed reduced levels of the incidence of preneoplastic lesions such as hyperplasia and dysplasia.
In other words, I3C and SIN not only are effective against tongue cancer but also inhibit the progression of preneoplastic lesions of the tongue in group 2 (11/15, 73%), group 3 (10/15, 67%), group 4 (11/15, 73%) or group 5 (10/15, 67%) was significantly lower than that in group 1 (17/17, 100%) (P = 0.04 or P = 0.02).
Furthermore, There were no tongue neoplasms in rats of groups 6, 7, and 8.
Moreover, the Administration of I3C and SIN also caused significant decreases in the number and area of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions protein (AgNORs) in the expression of in the tongue tumor pathology.
Dr. Tanaka T and colleagues wrote in the final report, " I3C and SIN inhibited rat tongue carcinogenesis in both the initiation and post-initiation phases, when administered in these respective phases together with, or following treatment with, 4-NQO".
Taken altogether, sinigrin (SIN) used alone or combined with I3C may be effective for the prevention and treatment of tongue cancer, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of SIN in a form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Inhibitory effects of the natural products indole-3-carbinol and sinigrin during initiation and promotion phases of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced rat tonguecarcinogenesis by Tanaka T1, Kojima T, Morishita Y, Mori H. (PubMed)
(2) Oropharyngeal Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection by (Cleveland Clinic)
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