The tasty Smoothie of Green Tea, Pomegranate and Peanut for Prevention and Treatment of Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.

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The smoothie for prevention and treatment of Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)

Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)

3/4 cup pomegranate juice
1/4 cup peanut
1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams(2 tea bags) of green tea, and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and set aside for cooling to room temperature)

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

The finding of a natural source for treatment of  Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) has been running into many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially with promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy occurs in third trimester or early postpartum period caused by a disordered metabolism of fatty acids by mitochondria in the fetus. It is a rare, potentional fatal disease(1). According to the joint study lead by the University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Acute fatty liver of pregnancy may induce the early vitamin K deficiency bleeding in a newborn with risk of morbidity and mortality(2).th

The increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidants status also were found in women with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)(3).

According to the guideline provided by the Patrick Cowie & Ian G Johnston Department of Anaesthetics, Raigmore Hospital,treatment of acute fatty liver of pregnancy is usually supportive and similar to that of other causes of hepatic dysfunction with practice led to improved outcomes for both mother and child.

Recent studies back by well known institutions proposed, Silymarin, Pomegranates juice, and Green Tea  may be the next generation of natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)

Silymarin, a phytochemical in the class of phenolic acids, found abundantly in peanut is associated to ameliorated the impairment of hepatic function, through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects(4).

Dr. Surai PF, professors at Eastern European University said, "Silymarin (SM), an extract from the Silybum marianum (milk thistle) plant containing various flavonolignans (with silybin being the major one), has received a tremendous amount of attention over the last decade as a herbal remedy for liver treatment. In many cases, the antioxidant properties of SM are considered to be responsible for its protective actions"(5).

The Nanjing University School of Medicine study insisted, silymarin treatment reduced the effect of pro inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α levels induced oxidative stress, and activated immunity in modulation of cytokine and nitric oxide production,...(6).

Pomegranates is a fruit-bearing small tree, genus Punica, belonging to family Lythraceae, native to Iran but has been cultivated in Asian since ancient time. According to the Alexandria University, pomegranate juice (PJ) expressed liver dysfunction protective efects on hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation (DNAF), and caspase-3 activity(7).

Punicalagin (PU), the major ellagitannins found in the pomegranate (Punica granatum) significantly inhibited high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid deposition due to liver mitochondrial dysfunction, by ameliorated the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(8).

Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world. According to the University of Sfax, oral administration of green tea, along with cadmium significantly (p < 0.05) improves cadmium-induced liver dysfunction and stress oxidant in rats' liver(9).Dr. Cai X and colleagues at the joint study lea by the Hyogo College of Medicine, suggested, Pu-erh tea, made from the leaves of Camellia sinensis ameliorates hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance in mice with high fat diet(HFD)-induced NASH, presumably by modulating hepatic IL-6/STAT3(the proinflammatory) signaling(10).

Taking altogether, the combination of Green Tea and Orange may process the activities in prevention and treatment of Gallstones

Women who are at higher risk of  acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), due to family history, dietary pattern, obesity,... .... should drink 1 serving daily and women with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) should drink as much as they can, depending to digestive toleration.
Life style and diet pattern changed are recommended

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References
(1) [Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)--case report].[Article in Czech] by Kacerovský M1, Hossner P.(PubMe)
(2) Early Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in a Neonate Associated with Maternal Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy by Arya S1, Richardson CJ2, Jain S2, Swischuck LE3.(PubMed)
(3) Liver injury in acute fatty liver of pregnancy: possible link to placental mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. by Natarajan SK1, Thangaraj KR, Eapen CE, Ramachandran A, Mukhopadhya A, Mathai M, Seshadri L, Peedikayil A, Ramakrishna B,Balasubramanian KA.(PubMed)
(4) Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on hepatic dysfunction induced by sodium nitrite by Sherif IO1, Al-Gayyar MM.(PubMed)
(5) Silymarin as a Natural Antioxidant: An Overview of the Current Evidence and Perspectives. by Surai PF1,2,3,4.(PubMed)
(6) Silymarin alleviates hepatic oxidative stress and protects against metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-fed mice by Feng B1, Meng R1, Huang B1, Shen S1, Bi Y1, Zhu D1.(PubMed)
(7)Effect of Punica granatum (pomegranate) juice extract on healthy liver and hepatotoxicity induced by diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital in male rats by Shaban NZ1, El-Kersh MA, Bader-Eldin MM, Kato SA, Hamoda AF.(PubMed)
(8)Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the protective effects of pomegranate with its active component punicalagin by Zou X1, Yan C, Shi Y, Cao K, Xu J, Wang X, Chen C, Luo C, Li Y, Gao J, Pang W, Zhao J, Zhao F, Li H, Zheng A, Sun W, Long J, Szeto IM, Zhao Y, Dong Z,Zhang P, Wang J, Lu W, Zhang Y, Liu J, Feng Z.(PubMed)
(9) Positive effects of green tea on hepatic dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence depletion induced by cadmium by Hamden K1, Carreau S, Marki FA, Masmoudi H, El Feki A.(PubMed)
(10) Pu-erh tea extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and insulin resistance by modulating hepatic IL-6/STAT3 signaling in mice by Cai X1,2,3, Fang C2,4, Hayashi S2,3, Hao S5, Zhao M6, Tsutsui H2,3, Nishiguchi S7, Sheng J8.(PubMed)