Artichoke may be used as a herbal remedy for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with no side effects, according to studies.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a fatty liver disease caused by fat accumulated in the liver other than those of excessive alcohol drinking.
The disease, in most cases, is asymptomatic, however, it has been seen to slowly progress to end-stage liver disease.
According to the statistics, the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects over 25% of the US population.
Epidemiological studies suggested that most cases of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are found in obese and extreme overweight adults. However, people with diabetes, high cholesterol or high triglycerides are associated with the increased risk of the diseases. Truly, 75% of obese have steatosis and 20% to 35% have nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
As of today, there is no effective treatment in patients with NAFLD, change of diet and lifestyle to induce weight loss are the most common nonmedical treatment conventionally for management of the disease.
Some researchers suggested that the cause of NAFLD may be associated with the promotion of the Western diet over the past few decades.
Dr. Michael D. Roberts, the lead scientist in the evaluation of the Western diet risk in NAFLD, wrote, "...sub-chronic WD feeding appears to increase hepatic steatosis development over a 6-week period but only induces select inflammation-related liver transcripts, mostly acute phase response genes".
And, "diet-induced liver fibrosis and inflammation may either: a) occur much later with more chronic WD rat feeding paradigms; and/or b) may be initiated by other factors that precede eventual perturbations in local and systemic pro-inflammatory signalers with chronic WD feeding".
The results strongly suggested the Western diet pattern have a strong impact on the development of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Artichoke is a perennial thistle of Cynara cardunculus species of the Cynara genus, belonging to the family Carduoideae, native to Southern Europe around the Mediterranean.
The herbal plant has been used in traditional medicine as a liver protective and detoxified agent, and for the treatment of digestive disorders, abdominal pain gas and bloating, etc.
Scientists on finding a natural ingredient for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease examined the artichoke (JA) potential in attenuating lipid disturbances in an animal model.
The study included Wistar of rats fed a control diet, a 60 % fructose-enriched diet (FRU), or an FRU with 10 % JA (n 6-7) for 4 weeks.
After 21 days of the experiment, according to the liver samples collected, JA treatment group showed a significant improvement of a hepatic TAG accumulation, an indication of a fatty liver.
The expression of fat accumulation in the tested rats was observed by the expression of malic enzyme 1 (Me1), associated with fatty acid synthesis; decorin (Dcn), related to fibrosis altered by the FRU.
Additionally, the injection of the supplement also improved the gene associated with liver inflammation caused by FRU.
Furthermore, in order to reveal more information about artichoke anti NAFLD, researchers conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group trial in ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD.
100 subjects were randomized to either ALE 600 mg daily or placebo for a 2-month period.
Injection of AlE showed increased hepatic vein flow (p < .001), reduced portal vein diameter (p < .001) and liver size and levels of liver oxidative stress markers.
ALE treated group improved the liver function by reducing the expression of the levels of bilirubin.
More importantly, ALE supplementation also reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations.
The results showed that artichoke anti-NALFD via several mechanisms, including the inhibition of levels of cholesterol and liver stress markers.
Taken altogether, artichoke may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pending to the confirmation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Beneficial effects of soluble dietary Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) in the prevention of the onset of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fructose diet-fed rats by Chang WC1, Jia H2, Aw W2, Saito K2, Hasegawa S3, Kato H1. (PubMed)
(2) Efficacy of artichoke leaf extract in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial by Panahi Y1, Kianpour P2, Mohtashami R3, Atkin SL4, Butler AE5, Jafari R6, Badeli R7, Sahebkar A. (PubMed)
(3) Western diet-induced hepatic steatosis and alterations in the liver transcriptome in adult Brown-Norway rats by Michael D. Roberts, C. Brooks Mobley, Ryan G. Toedebush, Alexander J. Heese, Conan Zhu,Anna E. Krieger, Clayton L. Cruthirds, Christopher M. Lockwood, John C. Hofheins,Charles E. Wiedmeyer, Heather J. Leidy, Frank W. Booth, and R. Scott Rector/ (PMC)
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