The immunomodulatory effect is a process in which the immune function is modulated to the needs of the body.
The immune system included the thymus and bone marrow, as well as secondary lymphatic tissues including spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, skin, and liver, is the body's defense against infectious organisms and foreign invaders.
The immune dysfunction can be classified into
* The underactive immune system is also known as the weakened immune system.
* The overactive immune system is also known as autoimmune diseases.
In the acute phase of infection, the immune macrophages, the first line of defense stimulates the production of blood palette to cover the wound or injury and pro-inflammatory cytokines to the site of infection to kill off pathogens before they can enter the body to multiply.
Most cases of infection are stopped at the acute phase, depending on the size and penetration of the wound.
Most common symptoms of acute inflammation occurred with a short period of time such as hours is pain, redness, immobility, swelling, and heat.
Conventionally, depending on the types of acute inflammation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to alleviate the pain by counteracting an enzyme that contributes to inflammation.
However, if the immune system for whatever reason such as in people with a weakened immune system can not destroy the foreign invaders in the set period of time (3-8 weeks), it will adapt to the new change, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation.
Low-grade inflammation over time has been found to destroy cells and tissues in the affected area or organ, inducing chronic inflammatory disease, including diabetes, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease.
Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and for the treatment of flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.
In the urgency to discover a natural ingredient for the modulation of the immune response, researchers examined the metformin and curcumin alone or in combination on nephrotoxicity induced by GM.
According to the tested differentiation,
* Both metformin and curcumin, when used alone, were effectively decreasing GM-induced nephrotoxicity.
* Both drug combination exerted a synergistic effect in ameliorating a GM-induced kidney injury, by expressively improved renal dysfunction.
* Moreover, in a GM treated animal model, metformin and curcumin showed strong protection against oxidative stress by decreasing the activities and expression of various oxidative enzymes.
* The combination also exerted a strong anti-inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in GM intoxicated group of animals.
Based on the findings, researchers said, " combinational treatment of metformin and curcumin might have a synergizing effect and substantial potential against nephrotoxicity".
Taken altogether, turmeric processed a high amount of bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for controlling the body's immune response, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of turmeric in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Combinational effect of curcumin and metformin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: Involvement of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic pathway by Cao L1, Zhi D1, Han J1, Kumar Sah S2, Xie Y. (PubMed)
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