Most Common Diseases of 50 Plus: Thyroid Disease : Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis - The Risk Factors

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
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                         Thyroid disease


Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active and produces too much thyroid hormones.


             Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis

Sepsis is defined as a condition caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammation throughout the body as a result of severe infection(a)(b). according to the study by the University of Utah, sepsis is the commonest cause of admission to medical ICUs across the world. Mortality from sepsis continues to be high. Besides shock and multi-organ dysfunction occurring following the intense inflammatory reaction to sepsis, complications arising from sepsis-related immunoparalysis contribute to the morbidity and mortality from sepsis(c).

                                              The Risk Factors

1. Term infants, while very low birth weight (VLBW) and preterm infants
According to the study by the Taipei City Hospital, total of 109 episodes of sepsiswere identified in 100 neonates. The incidence of sepsis was 4.06% among all NICU admissions. Most neonates with early-onset sepsis were term infants, while very low birth weight (VLBW) and preterm infants accounted for the majority of cases of late-onset sepsis(14).

2. Obesity, operative vaginal delivery and age <25 years
In the study to describe the risk of maternal sepsis associated with obesity and other understudied risk factors such as operative vaginal delivery, found that ontrolling for mode of delivery and demographic and clinical factors, obese women had twice the odds of uncomplicated sepsis (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.14-3.89) compared with women of normal weight. Age <25 years (OR 5.15; 95% CI 2.43-10.90) and operative vaginal delivery (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.02-4.87) were also significant predictors of sepsis. Known risk factors for maternal sepsis were also significant in this study (OR for uncomplicated and severe sepsis respectively): multiparity (OR 6.29, 12.04), anaemia (OR 3.43, 18.49), labour induction (OR 3.92 severe only), caesarean section (OR 3.23, 13.35), and preterm birth (OR 2.46 uncomplicated only)(15).

3. Elder
If you are elder, you are at increased risk of sepsis

4. Patient in intensive care and with weakened immune system
Intra-abdominal infections are a common problem for the general surgeon and major sources of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit(16). Other indicated that severe sepsis has emerged as a major cause of admission and mortality for hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients, significantly affecting short- and longer-term survival of critically ill HIV/AIDS patients(17).

5. Invasive devices
There is a study of indwelling intravenous polyethylene catheters as factors influencing the risk of microbial colonization and sepsis(18).

6. Obesity and alcpholism
A multivariate analysis revealed that obesity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 21.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-257.5) and alcoholism (aOR 6.5; 95% CI 1.3-32.8) were important predictive factors for spinal sepsis(18a).

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Sources
(a) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis
(b) http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sepsis/DS01004
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24082613
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8028742
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19579754
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22251396
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153889
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20698966
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4931311
(18a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19632847