The Holistic prevention, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome:The Chromium

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovascular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cancer(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasingaltered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).


Management and Treatment according to Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective

While conventional medicine focus of using synthetic medication to induce ovulation and assisted artificial insemination for infertility couple, if the medicine fail, traditional Chinese medicine views polycystic ovarian syndrome in different approaches.

Polycystic ovary syndrome, according to traditional Chinese medicine is a medical condition characterized by accumulative of fluid over a prolonged period of time causes of dampness and phlegms(1247a)(1247b) build up on the ovaries due to the effects of vary differentiations, affecting not only the women’s menstrual cycle, but also ovulation and fertility(1247a)(1247b).


The Dietary Suggestion, Life Style Modification and Nutritional Supplements according to TCM
According to Angela Warburton(1249), a doctor of Traditional Chinese Medicine practicing in Toronto, Canada, incorporating the proper dietary and lifestyle modifications, may make a BIG difference in the long-term for treatment of PCOs(1249).


                       The Nutritional Supplements 

3. Chromium
Chromium, a micro nutrient and trace mineral, found abundantly in whole grain products and certain fruits and vegetables such as broccoli, potatoes, grape juice, and oranges, and lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts,(1504) plays an important in the metabolism and storage of fats, carbohydrates and protein in the body(1503).
The US dietary guidelines for adequate daily chromium intake were lowered in 2001 from 50–200 µg for an adult to 30–35 µg (adult male) and to 20–25 µg (adult female), according to Journal of academic of nutrition and dietetics(1505).
Chronic chromium deficiency may cause symptoms of severely impaired glucose tolerance(1506)(1507), weight loss(1506)(1508), and a metabolic encephalopathylike confusional state(1506), induce risk of prediabetes(1509)in predicted diabetes(1509)(1510)(1513) and atherosclerosis(1510),...

Strong evidences from epidemiological studies suggested that chromium exhibits anti metabolic syndrome(1511)(1514)(1515) and cardiovascular disease(1511)(1512)(1513) including hypertension(1516)(1517), obesity(1518)(1519), elevated fasting plasma glucose(1520)(1521), high serum triglycerides(1522)(1523), and dyslipidaemia(1510)(1521), etc,, , anti insulin resistance(1510)(1519), anti depression, anti diabetes(1513)(1512), etc,.... effects.


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References
(1) Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome by Sam S.(PubMed)
(2) A "kiss" before conception: triggering ovulation with kisspeptin-54 may improve IVF by Young SL.(PubMed)
(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O1.(PubMed)
(4) Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in letrozole rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by Du DF1, Li XL, Fang F, Du MR.(PubMed)
(5) [Serum levels of anti-muller hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndromeand healthy women of reproductive age].[Article in Bulgarian] by Parahuleva N, Pehlivanov B, Orbecova M, Deneva T, Uchikova E.(PubMed)
(6) [Current opinions on the etiology and pathophysiology of hirsutism].[Article in Polish] by Krysiak R1, Kedzia A, Okopień B.(PubMed)
(7) The clinical evaluation of hirsutism by Somani N1, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF.(PubMed)
(8) Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future by Mayer SB1, Evans WS, Nestler JE.(PubMed)
(9) Association of mean platelet volume with androgens and insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Dogan BA1, Arduc A2, Tuna MM1, Karakılıc E1, Dagdelen I1, Tutuncu Y1, Berker D1, Guler S1.(PubMed)
(10) Approach to the patient: contraception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Yildiz BO1.(PubMed)
(11) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a significant contributor to the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in women by Talbott EO1, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Kip KE, Xu X, Orchard TJ.(PubMed)
(12) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovak women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities by Figurová J1, Dravecká I, Javorský M, Petríková J, Lazúrová I.(PubMed)
(13) Role of Insulin Sensitizers on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis by Thethi TK1, Katalenich B2, Nagireddy P3, Chabbra P4, Kuhadiya N5, Fonseca V1.(PubMed)
(14) Acne in hirsute women by Lumezi BG1, Pupovci HL1, Berisha VL1, Goçi AU2, Gerqari A3.(PubMed)
(15) Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome by Naderpoor N1, Shorakae S, Joham A, Boyle J, De Courten B, Teede HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H1, Deeks A, Moran L.(PubMed)
(17) Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. by Whigham LD1, Butz DE2, Dashti H3, Tonelli M3, Johnson LK1, Cook ME2, Porter WP4, Eghbalnia HR5, Markley JL6, Lindheim SR7, Schoeller DA8, Abbott DH9, Assadi-Porter FM10.(PubMed)
(18) Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Barry JA1, Azizia MM1, Hardiman PJ2.(PubMed)
(19) Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study by Gottschau M1, Kjaer SK2, Jensen A1, Munk C1, Mellemkjaer L3.(PubMed)
(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E1.(PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E1, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(PubMed)
(1246) [Clinical study of area of Jiangsu province of polycystic ovarian syndrome correlation distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type and improper diet]. [Article in Chinese] by Feng Y, Gao YP.(PubMed)
(1247) [Preliminary study on relationship of disease-syndrome-symptom of ovulatory disorder infertility based on factor analysis]. [Article in Chinese] by Li M, Ma K, Shan, J.(PubMed)
(1247a) A Comprehensive Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) bny by Liqin Zhao
(1503) Porte Jr. D, Sherwin RS, Baron A (editors). Ellengerg & Rifkin's Diabetes Mellitus, 6th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2003.
(1504) Chromium Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet(NIH)
(1505) Dietary Reference Intakes Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc PAULA TRUMBO, PhD, ALLISON A YATES, PhD, RD, SANDRA SCHLICKER, PhD, MARY POOS, PhD(Journal of academic of nutrition and dietetics)
(1506) Chromium Deficiency During Total Parenteral Nutrition by Herbert Freund, MD; Susan Atamian, RN; Josef E. Fischer, MD(Jama)
(1507) Chromium deficiency, glucose intolerance, and neuropathy reversed by chromium supplementation, in a patient receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition by Jeejeebhoy KN, Chu RC, Marliss EB, Greenberg GR, Bruce-Robertson A.(PubMed)
(1508) Chromium deficiency during total parenteral nutrition by Freund H, Atamian S, Fischer JE.(PubMed)
(1509) Chromium level in prediction of diabetes in pre-diabetic patients by Rafiei R1, Habyby Z1, Fouladi L1, Najafi S2, Asgary S3, Torabi Z4.(PubMed)
(1510) Chromium deficiency might contribute to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and atherosclerosis by Mahdi GS.(PubMed)
(1511) Chromium in metabolic and cardiovascular disease by Hummel M1, Standl E, Schnell O.(PubMed)
(1512) Effect of chromium nicotinic acid supplementation on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors by Thomas VL1, Gropper SS.(PubMed)
(1513) Age-related decreases in chromium levels in 51,665 hair, sweat, and serum samples from 40,872 patients--implications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus by Davies S1, McLaren Howard J, Hunnisett A, Howard M.(PubMed)
(1514) [The significance of chromium for metabolic cardiovascular syndrome]. [Article in Norwegian] by Naess K.(PubMed)
(1515) [The role of chromium in metabolic cardiovascular syndrome]. [Article in Norwegian] by Naess K.(PubMed)
(1516) Effects of chromium and guar on sugar-induced hypertension in rats by Preuss HG1, Gondal JA, Bustos E, Bushehri N, Lieberman S, Bryden NA, Polansky MM, Anderson RA.(PubMed)
(1517) Comparative effects of chromium, vanadium and gymnema sylvestre on sugar-induced blood pressure elevations in SHR by Preuss HG1, Jarrell ST, Scheckenbach R, Lieberman S, Anderson RA.(PubMed)
(1518) Nutrigenomic basis of beneficial effects of chromium(III) on obesity and diabetes by Lau FC1, Bagchi M, Sen CK, Bagchi D.(PubMed)
(1519) Chromium (D-phenylalanine)3 improves obesity-induced cardiac contractile defect in ob/ob mice by Dong F1, Yang X, Sreejayan N, Ren J.(PubMed)
(1520) Effect of chromium supplementation on glycated hemoglobin and fastingplasma glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus by Yin RV1, Phung OJ2.(PubMed)
(1521) Chromium supplementation in impaired glucose tolerance of elderly: effects on blood glucose, plasma insulin, C-peptide and lipid levels by Uusitupa MI1, Mykkänen L, Siitonen O, Laakso M, Sarlund H, Kolehmainen P, Räsänen T, Kumpulainen J, Pyörälä K.(PubMed)
(1522) Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-alpha, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats by Jain SK1, Rains JL, Croad JL.(PubMed)
(1523) The biomimetic [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]+ decreases plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in rats: towards chromium-containing therapeutics by Sun Y1, Mallya K, Ramirez J, Vincent JB.(PubMed)