The Holistic prevention, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Foods for Kidney Yang deficiency - Ginger

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovascular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cancer(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasingaltered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).


Management and Treatment according to Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective

While conventional medicine focus of using synthetic medication to induce ovulation and assisted artificial insemination for infertility couple, if the medicine fail, traditional Chinese medicine views polycystic ovarian syndrome in different approaches.

Polycystic ovary syndrome, according to traditional Chinese medicine is a medical condition characterized by accumulative of fluid over a prolonged period of time causes of dampness and phlegms(1247a)(1247b) build up on the ovaries due to the effects of vary differentiations, affecting not only the women’s menstrual cycle, but also ovulation and fertility(1247a)(1247b).

Depending to differentiation, most common diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome can be classified into                    

                           Kidney yang deficiency

Along with common symptoms mentioned above, women with PCOs diagnosed with kidney yang deficiency may also experience yang vacuity induced cold expressive syndrome, including
lumbago, cold limbs, fatigue, cold aversion, feverish sensation in chest, palms and soles(1573),
difficulty in urination, enuresis, incontinence, declining libido and edema(1574) as a result of kidneys no longer perform their function in store fluid to moister and warm the body for healthy function in the body's organs and tissues, inducing adrenal insufficient chronic lower back pain(1575)(1580), depression(1575), hypothyroidism(1579)(1575), nephritis(1578)(1575), ...(1575), leading to failure in transform damp heat expression, promoted accentuation of inflammatory development of phlegm(1583).
Kidney yang deficiency has shown to alter carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms (free fatty acids, 1-monolinoleoylglycerol, and cholesterol), gut microbiota metabolism (indole-3-propionic acid), indued anovulatory infertility( 1581) and hypertension(1582) of which related to symptoms of PCOs(1576)(1577).

                                        Foods for kidney yang deficiency

Kidney yang deficiency can be managed and treated in part with a diet of fresh and cooked warming foods.
2. Ginger(1616)
Jiang is also known as Ginger root. The acrid and warm herb has been use in TCM as an anti inflammation(1618)(1619)(1620), anti coagulation of platelets(1621)and anti thrombotic(1622), anti allergy(1625)(1626), anti tumors(1627)(1628) and anti hair growth(1629)(1630) lower back painpain(1623)(1624), functional bowel disorders (FBD(1631), etc., as it warms the middle burner and lungs, rescues yang, transforms phlegm by enhancing the functions of lung, spleen and stomach channels(1617).

Chemical constituents
1. 2-heptanol
2. 1,3,3-trimethyltricyclo[2,2,1,0] heptane
3. Tricycline
4. β-fenchene
5. β-pinene
6. 5-hepten-2-one-6-mehtyl
7. Myrcene
8. Octanal
9. α-thujene
10. Zingiberol
11. Zingiberene
12. α-curcumene
13. linalool
14. Cineole
15. Phellandrene
16. Camphene
17. Etc.(1617)

Strong evidences from epidemiological literature suggested that ginger also consist the properties of anti obesity(1632)(1636), anti insulin resistance(1632)01636), anti (1634)(1636), anti dyslipidaemia(1634)(1636), anti diabetes(1635)(1637) and reduced risk the metabolic syndrome causes of cardiovascular complications(1634), etc,....
Its major chemical component, [6]-gingerol analogue (6G), and extracts in rat study exhibited the protective effect against the development of metabolicsyndrome(1633)(1636), through significantly reduced body weight gain(1633)(1636), fat accumulation(1633)(1636), and circulating levels of insulin(1636)(1633) and leptin(1633).
Through its warm in nature and effects on metabolic syndrome, ginger is recommended to the daily diet of PCOs' women diagnosed with kidney yang deficiency by traditional Chinese medicine.

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References
(1) Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome by Sam S.(PubMed)
(2) A "kiss" before conception: triggering ovulation with kisspeptin-54 may improve IVF by Young SL.(PubMed)
(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O1.(PubMed)
(4) Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in letrozole rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by Du DF1, Li XL, Fang F, Du MR.(PubMed)
(5) [Serum levels of anti-muller hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndromeand healthy women of reproductive age].[Article in Bulgarian] by Parahuleva N, Pehlivanov B, Orbecova M, Deneva T, Uchikova E.(PubMed)
(6) [Current opinions on the etiology and pathophysiology of hirsutism].[Article in Polish] by Krysiak R1, Kedzia A, Okopień B.(PubMed)
(7) The clinical evaluation of hirsutism by Somani N1, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF.(PubMed)
(8) Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future by Mayer SB1, Evans WS, Nestler JE.(PubMed)
(9) Association of mean platelet volume with androgens and insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Dogan BA1, Arduc A2, Tuna MM1, Karakılıc E1, Dagdelen I1, Tutuncu Y1, Berker D1, Guler S1.(PubMed)
(10) Approach to the patient: contraception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Yildiz BO1.(PubMed)
(11) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a significant contributor to the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in women by Talbott EO1, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Kip KE, Xu X, Orchard TJ.(PubMed)
(12) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovak women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities by Figurová J1, Dravecká I, Javorský M, Petríková J, Lazúrová I.(PubMed)
(13) Role of Insulin Sensitizers on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis by Thethi TK1, Katalenich B2, Nagireddy P3, Chabbra P4, Kuhadiya N5, Fonseca V1.(PubMed)
(14) Acne in hirsute women by Lumezi BG1, Pupovci HL1, Berisha VL1, Goçi AU2, Gerqari A3.(PubMed)
(15) Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome by Naderpoor N1, Shorakae S, Joham A, Boyle J, De Courten B, Teede HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H1, Deeks A, Moran L.(PubMed)
(17) Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. by Whigham LD1, Butz DE2, Dashti H3, Tonelli M3, Johnson LK1, Cook ME2, Porter WP4, Eghbalnia HR5, Markley JL6, Lindheim SR7, Schoeller DA8, Abbott DH9, Assadi-Porter FM10.(PubMed)
(18) Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Barry JA1, Azizia MM1, Hardiman PJ2.(PubMed)
(19) Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study by Gottschau M1, Kjaer SK2, Jensen A1, Munk C1, Mellemkjaer L3.(PubMed)
(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E1.(PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E1, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(PubMed)
(1246) [Clinical study of area of Jiangsu province of polycystic ovarian syndrome correlation distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type and improper diet]. [Article in Chinese] by Feng Y, Gao YP.(PubMed)
(1247) [Preliminary study on relationship of disease-syndrome-symptom of ovulatory disorder infertility based on factor analysis]. [Article in Chinese] by Li M, Ma K, Shan, J.(PubMed)
(1247a) A Comprehensive Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) bny by Liqin Zhao
(1573) [Effect of tonifying kidney on compliability of the aged]. [Article in Chinese] by Xu JH1, Cui L, Jia BH.(PubMed)
(1574) Understanding Kidney Yin and Kidney Yang(Shen-Nong shi)
(1575) Kidney Yang Deficiency: Use Warming Foods and Moxibustion By Jody Smith(Empow her)
(1576) Metabolic Signatures of Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome and Protective Effects of Two Herbal Extracts in Rats Using GC/TOF MS by Zhao L1, Wu H, Qiu M, Sun W, Wei R, Zheng X, Yang Y, Xin X, Zou H, Chen T, Liu J, Lu L, Su J, Ma C, Zhao A, Jia W.(PubMed)
(1577) Metabolic profiling reveals therapeutic biomarkers of processed Aconitum carmichaeli Debx in treating hydrocortisone induced kidney-yang deficiencysyndrome rats by Tan Y1, Liu X2, Lu C3, He X1, Li J4, Xiao C5, Jiang M1, Yang J1, Zhou K6, Zhang Z2, Zhang W7, Lu A8.(PubMed)
(1578) [Multi-center randomized control study on the effects of syndromedifferentiated traditional Chinese medicine therapy on CKD 1-2 with chronic nephritis proteinuria].

[Article in Chinese] by Wu F, Zhang PQ, Wang XQ, Nie LF, Fu XJ, Peng W, Wang Y, Li J, Bi YP, Mi XH, Ding XQ, He LQ.(PubMed)
(1579) [Effect of Chinese herbs on the circadian rhythm of body temperature and heart rate in rabbits with hypothyroidism (yang deficiency)].[Article in Chinese by Xu M1, Deng X, Zhang X, Liu S, Liu X.(PubMed)
(1580) Chinese acupuncture for chronic low back pain: an international expert survey by Molsberger AF1, Zhou J, Arndt D, Teske W.(PubMed)
(1581) [Preliminary study on relationship of disease-syndrome-symptom of ovulatory disorder infertility based on factor analysis].[Article in Chinese] by Li M, Ma K, Shan J.(PubMed)
(1582) Traditional chinese medicine syndromes for essential hypertension: a literature analysis of 13,272 patients by Wang J1, Xiong X1, Liu W1.(PubMed)

(1583) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - a TCM Perspective by Donna Dupre, L.Ac.
(1616) Chinese Herbs – Jiang (Rhizoma zingiberis officinalis) by Kyle J. Norton
(1617) Jiang(Complementary and Alternative Healing University)
(1618) Influence of ginger and cinnamon intake on inflammation and muscle soreness endued by exercise in Iranian female athletes by Mashhadi NS1, Ghiasvand R, Askari G, Feizi A, Hariri M, Darvishi L, Barani A, Taghiyar M, Shiranian A, Hajishafiee M.(PubMed)
(1619) Dietary influence on pain via the immune system by Totsch SK1, Waite ME1, Sorge RE2.(PubMed)
(1620) Anti-inflammatory effects of zingiber officinale in type 2 diabetic patients by Mahluji S1, Ostadrahimi A, Mobasseri M, Ebrahimzade Attari V, Payahoo L.(PubMed)
(1621) Anticoagulant activity of select dietary supplements by Stanger MJ1, Thompson LA, Young AJ, Lieberman HR.(PubMed)
(1622) Antithrombotic effects of naturally derived products on coagulation and platelet function by Mousa SA1.(PubMed)
(1623) The effectiveness of Swedish massage with aromatic ginger oil in treating chronic low back pain in older adults: a randomized controlled trial by Sritoomma N1, Moyle W2, Cooke M3, O'Dwyer S4.(PubMed)
(1624) Evidence of effectiveness of herbal antiinflammatory drugs in the treatment of painful osteoarthritis and chronic low back pain by Chrubasik JE1, Roufogalis BD, Chrubasik S.(PubMed)
(1625) In vitro and in vivo anti-allergic effects of 'benifuuki' green tea containing O-methylated catechin and ginger extract enhancement by Maeda-Yamamoto M1, Ema K, Shibuichi I.(PubMed)
(1626) Ginger prevents Th2-mediated immune responses in a mouse model of airway inflammation by Ahui ML1, Champy P, Ramadan A, Pham Van L, Araujo L, Brou André K, Diem S, Damotte D, Kati-Coulibaly S, Offoumou MA, Dy M, Thieblemont N, Herbelin A.(PubMed)
( 1627) Ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects on ethionine-induced hepatoma rats by Habib SH1, Makpol S, Abdul Hamid NA, Das S, Ngah WZ, Yusof YA.(PubMed)
(1628) Chemopreventive efficacy of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in ethionine induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis by Yusof YA1, Ahmad N, Das S, Sulaiman S, Murad NA.(PubMed)
(1629) 6-Gingerol inhibits hair shaft growth in cultured human hair follicles and modulates hair growth in mice by Miao Y1, Sun Y, Wang W, Du B, Xiao SE, Hu Y, Hu Z.(PubMed)
(1630) [Inhibition effect of 6-gingerol on hair growth].[Article in Chinese] by Miao Y, Sun YB, Wang WJ, Zhang ZD, Jiang JD, Li ZH, Hu ZQ.(PubMed)
(1631) Complementary and alternative medicine use and cost in functional bowel disorders: a six month prospective study in a large HMO by van Tilburg MA1, Palsson OS, Levy RL, Feld AD, Turner MJ, Drossman DA, Whitehead WE.(PubMed)
(1632) Targeting inflammation-induced obesity and metabolic diseases by curcumin and other nutraceuticals by Aggarwal BB1.(PubMed)
(1633) Synthesis of a new [6]-gingerol analogue and its protective effect with respect to the development of metabolic syndrome in mice fed a high-fat diet by Okamoto M1, Irii H, Tahara Y, Ishii H, Hirao A, Udagawa H, Hiramoto M, Yasuda K, Takanishi A, Shibata S, Shimizu I.(PubMed)
(1634) Modulatory effects of garlic, ginger, turmeric and their mixture on hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic rats by Madkor HR1, Mansour SW, Ramadan G.(PubMed)
(1635) Comparative effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) investigated in a type 2 diabetes model of rats by Islam MS1, Choi H.(PubMed)
(1636) Protective effects of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizome on the development of metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed rats by Nammi S1, Sreemantula S, Roufogalis BD.(PubMed)
(1637) The anti-oxidant effects of ginger and cinnamon on spermatogenesis dys-function of diabetes rats by Khaki A1, Khaki AA1, Hajhosseini L2, Golzar FS1, Ainehchi N1(PubMed)