Thursday, June 30, 2016

The Holistic prevention, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: TCM Herbal Medicine for Kidney Yang deficiency - Fu Ling

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovascular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cancer(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasingaltered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).


Management and Treatment according to Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective

While conventional medicine focus of using synthetic medication to induce ovulation and assisted artificial insemination for infertility couple, if the medicine fail, traditional Chinese medicine views polycystic ovarian syndrome in different approaches.

Polycystic ovary syndrome, according to traditional Chinese medicine is a medical condition characterized by accumulative of fluid over a prolonged period of time causes of dampness and phlegms(1247a)(1247b) build up on the ovaries due to the effects of vary differentiations, affecting not only the women’s menstrual cycle, but also ovulation and fertility(1247a)(1247b).

Depending to differentiation, most common diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome can be classified into              

                           Kidney yang deficiency

Along with common symptoms mentioned above, women with PCOs diagnosed with kidney yang deficiency may also experience yang vacuity induced cold expressive syndrome, including
lumbago, cold limbs, fatigue, cold aversion, feverish sensation in chest, palms and soles(1573),
difficulty in urination, enuresis, incontinence, declining libido and edema(1574) as a result of kidneys no longer perform their function in store fluid to moister and warm the body for healthy function in the body's organs and tissues, inducing adrenal insufficient chronic lower back pain(1575)(1580), depression(1575), hypothyroidism(1579)(1575), nephritis(1578)(1575), ...(1575), leading to failure in transform damp heat expression, promoted accentuation of inflammatory development of phlegm(1583).
Kidney yang deficiency has shown to alter carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms (free fatty acids, 1-monolinoleoylglycerol, and cholesterol), gut microbiota metabolism (indole-3-propionic acid), indued anovulatory infertility( 1581) and hypertension(1582) of which related to symptoms of PCOs(1576)(1577).

Herbal medicine for kidney yang deficiency

2. Fu Ling (Poria cocos)
Poria cocos also known as fu ling, the sweet, bland, neutral herbal medicine has been used in TCM for treatment of cancer(1709)(1710), headache(1712), dizziness(1714), palpitations(1711), insomnia(1715)(1716), neurodegenerative disease(1717)(1718), chronic gastritis(1714), chronic inflammation(1712) and to strengthen the body(1711), improve body weight(1719), kidney functions(1712)(1713) and protect against lipid peroxidation of red blood cells(1720), etc.... by enhancing the functions of heart, spleen, lung, kidney channels(1711).

Chemical constituents(1711)
1. Pachymose
2. B-pachyman,
3. B-pachymanase
4. Pachymic acid
5. Tumulosic acid
6. Eburioic acid
7. Pinicolic acid
8. β-amprin acetate
9. B-hydroxy lanosta-7
10. Poricoic acid
11. Caprylic acid
12. Undecanoic acid
13. Lauric acid
14. Dodecenoic acid
15. Palmitic acid
16. Etc.

Epidemiological studies also suggested that poria cocos may be used for treatment of women with PCOs due to its effects on prevented and alleviated dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovarian syndrom(1721), decreased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)(1719) and luteinizing hormone (LH)(1719) levels, weigh gain(1719) through up-regulation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ)(1719), improved metabolism(1722), reduced risk of PCOs' complications of diabetes(1723).

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References
(1) Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome by Sam S.(PubMed)
(2) A "kiss" before conception: triggering ovulation with kisspeptin-54 may improve IVF by Young SL.(PubMed)
(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O1.(PubMed)
(4) Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in letrozole rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by Du DF1, Li XL, Fang F, Du MR.(PubMed)
(5) [Serum levels of anti-muller hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy women of reproductive age].[Article in Bulgarian] by Parahuleva N, Pehlivanov B, Orbecova M, Deneva T, Uchikova E.(PubMed)
(6) [Current opinions on the etiology and pathophysiology of hirsutism].[Article in Polish] by Krysiak R1, Kedzia A, Okopień B.(PubMed)
(7) The clinical evaluation of hirsutism by Somani N1, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF.(PubMed)
(8) Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future by Mayer SB1, Evans WS, Nestler JE.(PubMed)
(9) Association of mean platelet volume with androgens and insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Dogan BA1, Arduc A2, Tuna MM1, Karakılıc E1, Dagdelen I1, Tutuncu Y1, Berker D1, Guler S1.(PubMed)
(10) Approach to the patient: contraception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Yildiz BO1.(PubMed)
(11) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a significant contributor to the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in women by Talbott EO1, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Kip KE, Xu X, Orchard TJ.(PubMed)
(12) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovak women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities by Figurová J1, Dravecká I, Javorský M, Petríková J, Lazúrová I.(PubMed)
(13) Role of Insulin Sensitizers on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis by Thethi TK1, Katalenich B2, Nagireddy P3, Chabbra P4, Kuhadiya N5, Fonseca V1.(PubMed)
(14) Acne in hirsute women by Lumezi BG1, Pupovci HL1, Berisha VL1, Goçi AU2, Gerqari A3.(PubMed)
(15) Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome by Naderpoor N1, Shorakae S, Joham A, Boyle J, De Courten B, Teede HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H1, Deeks A, Moran L.(PubMed)
(17) Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women WithPolycystic Ovary Syndrome. by Whigham LD1, Butz DE2, Dashti H3, Tonelli M3, Johnson LK1, Cook ME2, Porter WP4, Eghbalnia HR5, Markley JL6, Lindheim SR7, Schoeller DA8, Abbott DH9, Assadi-Porter FM10.(PubMed)
(18) Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Barry JA1, Azizia MM1, Hardiman PJ2.(PubMed)
(19) Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study by Gottschau M1, Kjaer SK2, Jensen A1, Munk C1, Mellemkjaer L3.(PubMed)
(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E1.(PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E1, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(PubMed)
(1246) [Clinical study of area of Jiangsu province of polycystic ovarian syndrome correlation distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type and improper diet]. [Article in Chinese] by Feng Y, Gao YP.(PubMed)
(1247) [Preliminary study on relationship of disease-syndrome-symptom of ovulatory disorder infertility based on factor analysis]. [Article in Chinese] by Li M, Ma K, Shan, J.(PubMed)
(1247a) A Comprehensive Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) byLiqin Zhao
(1573) [Effect of tonifying kidney on compliability of the aged]. [Article in Chinese] by Xu JH1, Cui L, Jia BH.(PubMed)
(1574) Understanding Kidney Yin and Kidney Yang(Shen-Nong shi)
(1575) Kidney Yang Deficiency: Use Warming Foods and Moxibustion By Jody Smith(Empow her)
(1576) Metabolic Signatures of Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome and Protective Effects of Two Herbal Extracts in Rats Using GC/TOF MS by Zhao L1, Wu H, Qiu M, Sun W, Wei R, Zheng X, Yang Y, Xin X, Zou H, Chen T, Liu J, Lu L, Su J, Ma C, Zhao A, Jia W.(PubMed)
(1577) Metabolic profiling reveals therapeutic biomarkers of processed Aconitum carmichaeli Debx in treating hydrocortisone induced kidney-yang deficiency syndrome rats by Tan Y1, Liu X2, Lu C3, He X1, Li J4, Xiao C5, Jiang M1, Yang J1, Zhou K6, Zhang Z2, Zhang W7, Lu A8.(PubMed)
(1578) [Multi-center randomized control study on the effects of syndrome differentiated traditional Chinese medicine therapy on CKD 1-2 with chronic nephritis proteinuria].

[Article in Chinese] by Wu F, Zhang PQ, Wang XQ, Nie LF, Fu XJ, Peng W, Wang Y, Li J, Bi YP, Mi XH, Ding XQ, He LQ.(PubMed)
(1579) [Effect of Chinese herbs on the circadian rhythm of body temperature and heart rate in rabbits with hypothyroidism (yang deficiency)].[Article in Chinese by Xu M1, Deng X, Zhang X, Liu S, Liu X.(PubMed)
(1580) Chinese acupuncture for chronic low back pain: an international expert survey by Molsberger AF1, Zhou J, Arndt D, Teske W.(PubMed)
(1581) [Preliminary study on relationship of disease-syndrome-symptom of ovulatory disorder infertility based on factor analysis].[Article in Chinese] by Li M, Ma K, Shan J.(PubMed)
(1582) Traditional chinese medicine syndromes for essential hypertension: a literature analysis of 13,272 patients by Wang J1, Xiong X1, Liu W1.(PubMed)
(1583) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - a TCM Perspective by Donna Dupre, L.Ac.
(1709) Pachymic Acid Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis of Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo by Targeting ER Stress by Cheng S1, Swanson K1, Eliaz I2, McClintick JN3, Sandusky GE4, Sliva D5.(PubMed)
(1710) Induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by pachymic acid from Poria cocos by Gapter L1, Wang Z, Glinski J, Ng KY.(PubMed)
(1711) Fu ling(Complementary and Alternative Healing University)
(1712) Chemical constituents and pharmacological properties of Poria cocos by Ríos JL1.(PubMed)
(1713) [Chemical constituents of surface layer of Poria cocos and their pharmacological properties (I)].[Article in Chinese] by Feng YL1, Zhao YY, Ding F, Xi ZH, Tian T, Zhou F, Du X, Chen DQ, Wei F, Cheng XL, Lin RC.(PubMed)
(1714) Effects of triterpenoids from Poria cocos Wolf on the serotonin type 3A receptor-mediated ion current in Xenopus oocytes by Lee JH1, Lee YJ, Shin JK, Nam JW, Nah SY, Kim SH, Jeong JH, Kim Y, Shin M, Hong M, Seo EK, Bae H.(PubMed)
(1715) [Study on medication regularity of grand master of traditional Chinese medicine YAN Zheng-hua's Ostreae Concha-containing prescriptions based on data mining].[Article in Chinese] by Wu JR, Guo WX, Zhang XM, Yang B, Zhang B.(PubMed)
(1716) Prescription of chinese herbal medicine and selection of acupoints in pattern-based traditional chinese medicine treatment for insomnia: a systematic review by Yeung WF1, Chung KF, Poon MM, Ho FY, Zhang SP, Zhang ZJ, Ziea ET, Wong Taam V.(PubMed)
(1717) Smart Soup, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, ameliorates amyloid pathology and related cognitive deficits by Hou Y1, Wang Y2, Zhao J1, Li X1, Cui J1, Ding J2, Wang Y3, Zeng X1, Ling Y4, Shen X5, Chen S2, Huang C4, Pei G6.(PubMed)
(1718) Ameliorative effects of yokukansan on learning and memory deficits in olfactory bulbectomized mice by Yamada M1, Hayashida M, Zhao Q, Shibahara N, Tanaka K, Miyata T, Matsumoto K.(PubMed)
(1719) Treatment with qibaomeiran, a kidney-invigorating Chinese herbal formula, antagonizes estrogen decline in ovariectomized rats by Xu Y1, Ma XP, Ding J, Liu ZL, Song ZQ, Liu HN, Lin N.(PubMed)
(1720) Antioxidant activity of anti-inflammatory plant extracts by Schinella GR1, Tournier HA, Prieto JM, Mordujovich de Buschiazzo P, Ríos JL.(PubMed)
(1721) Oriental medicine Kyung-Ok-Ko prevents and alleviates dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats by Jang M1, Lee MJ1, Lee JM2, Bae CS3, Kim SH4, Ryu JH5, Cho IH6.(PubMed)
(1722) Metabolism[Effects of Chinese herb decoction sizunzituang on metabolism and nutrition in burnt guinea pigs].[Article in Chinese] by Ruan S1, Wang S, Li A.(PubMed)
(1723) Anti-Hyperglycemic Properties of Crude Extract and Triterpenes from Poria cocos by Li TH1, Hou CC, Chang CL, Yang WC.(PubMed)

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