Sunday, July 24, 2016

Most Common Diseases of 50 Plus: Thyroid disease: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis prevention – The Phytochemicals and Antioxidants

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                         Thyroid disease


Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active and produces too much thyroid hormones.


                   Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
                      

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis)Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland of that mostly often leads an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). According to the study by the University of Pisa, Women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) suffer from a high symptom load independently from hypothyroidism, which results just a contributing factor to the development of the clinical syndrome. In agreement with these results, we recently reported on the presence of symptoms and signs consistent with fibromyalgia (FM) in patients with HT regardless thyroid dysfunction, focusing to the weight of anti-thyroid autoimmunity in the HT-associated clinical syndrome(a).

                    The Prevention

 Phytochemicals and Antioxidants to prevent and treat Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
In the study to investigate prooxidant-antioxidant status only in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) patients with subclinical (sHT) and overt hypothyroidism (oHT), found that there were significant increases in oxidative stress parameters in serum and LDL-fraction in oHT patients. However, oxidative stress was detected to stimulate partly in serum, but not LDL fraction in sHT patients(28).
1. Resveratrol
In the study of resveratrol, the main ingredient found in skin and seed of grape and its impact on aging and thyroid function, showed that resveratrol is believed to regulate several biological processes, mainly metabolism and aging, by modulating the mammalian silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) of the sirtuin family. Resveratrol may arrest, among various tumors, cell growth in both papillary and follicular thyroid cancer by activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway as well as increase of p53 and its phosphorylation. Finally, resveratrol also influences thyroid function by enhancing iodide trapping and, by increasing TSH secretion via activation of sirtuins and the phosphatidylinositol- 4-phosphate 5 kinase γ (PIP5Kγ) pathway, positively affects metabolism(29).

2. Polyphenolic flavonoids
In the comparison of the efficacy of polyphenolic flavonoids found in black and green tea in thyroid function, showed that green tea extract at 2.5 g% and 5.0 g% doses and black tea extract only at 5.0 g% dose have the potential to alter the thyroid gland physiology and architecture, that is, enlargement of thyroid gland as well as hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of the thyroid follicles and inhibition of the activity of thyroid peroxidase and 5(‘)-deiodinase I with elevated thyroidal Na+, K+-ATPase activity along with significant decrease in serum T3 and T4, and a parallel increase in serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)(30).

3. Selenium
According to the study by the Hôpital du Cluzeau, in patients with Hashimoto’s disease and in pregnant women with anti-TPO antibodies, selenium supplementation decreases anti-thyroid antibody levels and improves the ultrasound structure of the thyroid gland. Although clinical applications still need to be defined for Hashimoto’s disease, they are very interesting for pregnant women given that supplementation significantly decreases the percentage of postpartum thyroiditis and definitive hypothyroidism(31).

4. Vitamin D
In the study to investigate vitamin D status in children with Hashimoto thyroiditis, showed that the higher vitamin D deficiency rates besides lower vitamin D levels in the Hashimoto group together with the inverse correlation between vitamin D and anti-TPO suggest that vitamin D deficiency may have a role in the autoimmune process in Hashimoto thyroiditis in children(32).

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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22147633
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22951187
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21946130
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20801949
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23046013
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22876540
                          


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