The colon formed part of the digestive tract including the large intestine with a function to reabsorb fluids and process and secret waste products from the body.
Colon cancer is a medical and chronic condition characterized by irregular growth of cells in the colon, due to the alternation of cell DNA.
According to the statistic provided by the American Cancer Society, in 2019, approximately, 101,420 new cases of colon cancer will be diagnosed. Colon cancer also causes the death of 51,020 deaths. during 2019.
The lifetime risk associated with the onset of colorectal cancer is 1 in 22 (4.49%) for men and 1 in 24 (4.15%) for women.
Most cases of colon cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the organs tissues, before forming a tumor by penetrating into the deeper layers of the affected organ.
At the advanced stage, after growing larger in size, most primary colonic cancer cells can travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissues and organs, leading to secondary spreading.
Colon cancer is one most slow-growing cancer compared to other cancers. In some patients, colon cancer may exist in the colon more than 20 years before it is discovered. Therefore, only 39% of colon cancer is diagnosed in the early stage, which orchestrates more incidences of death compared to other cancers.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States.
The median age diagnosed with colon cancer is 68 in men and 72 in women compared to the age of 63 of rectal cancer in both men and women.
Most cases of colon cancer are adenocarcinomas, originated in epithelium tissues, that line the colon.
Out of many risk factors involved in the onset of colorectal cancer, an unhealthy diet with a higher in saturate and trans fat, red meats, and processed foods and fewer with fruits and vegetables is one of the major culprits that cause the onset of the disease, according to the epidemiological studies.
Dr. Robb Bird, the editor at the worldwide health wrote, "Poor diet is associated with about 80 percent of colorectal cancer cases".
And "These cancers are a result of a combination of several causes including genetic, epigenetic and environmental causes, such as diet. Hopefully, with more research, the exact pathways by which diet leads to cancer can be discovered".
Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.
On finding a potential compound for the treatment of cancer, researchers examined the protective effects of whole cranberry powder (WCP) on colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in an animal model.
In mouse colon tumorigenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), dietary administration of WCP (1.5%, w/w in the diet) significantly suppressed the colon tumorigenesis by inhibiting the cancer progression and proliferation.
Furthermore, WCP injection was found to shrink the average tumor size in mice compared to the positive control mice.
Genes and proteins elevated expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with the initiation of colon cancer such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the colon of AOM/DSS-treated mice were markedly attenuated by the administration of WCP.
Moreover, WCP not only modulates multiple signaling pathways/proteins related to inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis against the colon cancer but also blocked the activity of angiogenesis, and metastasis.
Based on the finding, researchers wrote, "Overall, the results demonstrate chemopreventive effects of WCP on colon tumorigenesis in mice, providing a scientific basis for using the whole cranberry as a functional food to promote colon health in humans".
Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Chemopreventive Effects of Whole Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) on Colitis-Associated Colon Tumorigenesis by Wu X1, Song M1,2, Cai X1, Neto C3, Tata A3, Han Y1, Wang Q1, Tang Z4, Xiao H. (PubMed)
(2) High-fat diet found to stimulate cell growth in the colon, increasing the risk of colon cancer by the World Health Net
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