Nutrigenomic activity is a scientific term that optimizes the interaction of nutrition and genes, especially in the prevention or treatment of disease.
In other words, the nutrigenomic activity provided information on how the interaction of certain foods with specific genes that lead to the increased risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, heart disease, stroke, and certain cancers.
Biologically, nutrigenomics also provided the information molecularly how chemicals found in the diet altered the expression of genes that affect the individual health.
More precisely, nutrigenomics is depending totally on an individual's genetic makeup.
Dr. Praveen Sharma, the lead scientist in the examination of the nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics effect in disease prevention and cure wrote, "Nutrigenomics is providing the effects of ingested nutrients and other food components on gene expression and gene regulation, i.e., diet-gene interaction in order to identify the dietetic components having beneficial or detrimental health effects".
And, " Like Phenylketonuria (PKU) an inborn error of metabolism which is caused by a change (mutation) in a single gene. Diagnosed individuals have to avoid food containing the aminoacid phenylalanine".
Bilberry is a species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern Europe.
The plant berry has been used as herbs in traditional medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea, gastritis, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer, enterocolitis, ulcerative colitis, anemia, cystitis, kidney disease, and psoriasis, diabetes, etc.
On finding a natural plant-based compound for the interaction of nutrients and gene expression, researchers compared the nutrigenomic activity on diet supplements of Echinacea angustifolia (EA, 0.10mg/kg live weight as echinacoside; 14 dogs), Vaccinium myrtillus (VM, 0.20mg/kg live weight as anthocyanidin, 13 dogs), Curcuma longa (CL, 6.60mg/kg live weight as curcumin, 18 dogs with arthrosis), and Sylibum marianum (SM, 1.5mg/kg live weight as sylibin, 8 dogs with hepatopathy).
24 healthy dogs selected for the study were fed with a control diet (CT) and the experimental groups received for 60days the same diet supplements aforementioned with nutraceuticals.
VM significantly inhibited the gene expression associated with the production of a pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine such as TNF, IL-8 and PTGS2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, compared to other treatment groups.
IL-8 is a protein or gene or a chemokine (Small cytokines) produced by immune white blood cell macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells.
Furthermore, VM also inhibited the overexpression of factor-kappa B1 (NFKB1) which plays a critical role in the immune response to oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products, leading to diseases associated with inflammation and inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth.
In other words, bilberry modulates the immune response through the needs and protection of the body.
Moreover, bilberry also decreased the plasma level of ceruloplasmin (CuCp) in the regulation of free radical expression such as nitric oxide.
Ceruloplasmin is a glycoprotein produced in the liver, high levels of CuCp is associated with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and infection such as lymphoma.
In other words, VM promotes the production of antioxidant enzymes in the host body against the induction of oxidative stress through modulating the immune response.
Dr. Sgorlon S, the lead scientist said, " nutraceutical administrations in dogs can be an interesting approach to modulate the immune response in order to improve the health condition of animals".
Taken altogether, bilberry may be considered a functional remedy for the improvement of gene expression against diseases involved overexpression of immune response, pending to the validation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Nutrigenomic activity of plant derived compounds in health and disease: Results of a dietary intervention study in dog by Sgorlon S1, Stefanon B2, Sandri M2, Colitti M. (PubMed)
(2) Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics: New Insight in Disease Prevention and Cure by Praveen Sharma and Shailendra Dwivedi. (Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry)
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