Cancer is a group of diseases caused by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in the tissue of the affected organs.
Cancers are caused by the alternation of cell DNA. What influences the change of cells' DNA?
Epidemiological studies suggested that certain risk factors such as age, family and personal history, ethnicity, exposure to toxic chemicals, unhealthy lifestyle,... the list goes on and on, but no one can explain why people with the came healthy conditions in the same family, some are susceptible to cancer while others do not.
Furthermore, most people with some of the risk factors have never developed cancer.
Most general symptoms shared by all cancers are unintended weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue and tiredness and gastrointestinal discomforts.
Some researchers suggested that a weakened immune system due to reduced expression of proteins associated with the tumor suppression and cell death programming such as p53 and overexpression of protein involved cell cycle division such as cyclin.
Dr. Alexandre Corthay in the examination of the risk of cancer in patients with weakened immune system explained "Here, I present eight types of evidence in support of the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis.
* First, primary immunodeficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased cancer risk.
*Second, organ transplant recipients, who are treated with immunosuppressive drugs, are more prone to cancer development.
*Third, acquired immunodeficiency due to infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) leads to an elevated risk of cancer.
*Fourth, the quantity and quality of the immune cell infiltrate found in human primary tumors represent an independent prognostic factor for patient survival.
*Fifth, cancer cells harbor mutations in protein-coding genes that are specifically recognized by the adaptive immune system.
*Sixth, cancer cells selectively accumulate mutations to evade immune destruction (“immunoediting”).
*Seventh, lymphocytes bearing the NKG2D receptor are able to recognize and eliminate stressed premalignant cells.
*Eighth, a promising strategy to treat cancer consists in potentiating the naturally occurring immune response of the patient, through blockade of the immune checkpoint molecules CTLA-4, PD-1, or PD-L1".
The results clearly suggested that if you have a strong immune system, your risk of cancer is decreased substantially,
Artichoke is a perennial thistle of Cynara cardunculus species of the Cynara genus, belonging to the family Carduoideae native to Southern Europe around the Mediterranean.
The herbal plant has been used in traditional medicine as a liver protective and detoxified agent, and to treat digestive disorders, abdominal pain gas and bloating, etc.
Researchers on finding potential and natural ingredients as a human antibody against cancer, researchers examined the p19 silencing suppressor gene from artichoke in the tumor-associated antigen tenascin-C (TNC).
P19 silencing suppressor gene from artichoke inhibited the expression of the virus by raising the antibody expression levels by an order of magnitude (yields of purified H10, 50-100 mg/kg fresh weight).
Moreover, approximately 75% of purified protein consisted of full-sized antibody functionally binding to Tenascin-C against the specific accumulation around tumor blood vessels, according to the immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues.
Tenascin-C (TNC) is highly expressed in cancer tissues.
Dr. Villani ME the lead scientist said, "The data indicate that the purification yields of mAb H10, using a transient expression system boosted by the p19 silencing suppressor, are exceptionally high when compared with the results reported previously, providing a technique for the over-expression of anticancer".
In other words, artichoke improved the function of a gene associated with tumor expression and antibody for the treatment of cancer.
Furthermore, the active product isolated from the Jerusalem artichoke tubers obtained after wound-drought stress used for the treatment of cancers also to exhibited free radical expression in the induction of cytotoxicity against cancer cell line, through its 18-kDa polypeptide and 28-kDa polypeptide,
Where 18-kDa polypeptide exerted a similar effect as a superoxide dismutase (SOD)and 28-kDa polypeptide to the alkaline phosphatase (AP).
Dr. and colleagues said, in the final report. "The superoxide dismutase polypeptide was shown to be involved in the antitumor activity, but the presence of smaller factors (MW<10 kDa), such as salicylic acid, can enhance this activity".
Taken altogether, artichoke may be considered for the prevention and treatment of cancer, pending to the confirmation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Plant pharming of a full-sized, tumour-targeting antibody using different expression strategies by Villani ME1, Morgun B, Brunetti P, Marusic C, Lombardi R, Pisoni I, Bacci C, Desiderio A, Benvenuto E, Donini M. (PubMed)
(2) Stressed Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.) excrete a protein fraction with specific cytotoxicity on plant and animal tumour cell by Griffaut B1, Debiton E, Madelmont JC, Maurizis JC, Ledoigt G. (PubMed)
(3) Does the Immune System Naturally Protect Against Cancer? by Alexandre Corthay. (PMC)
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